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The User's Manual describes how to operate BNW-II, a computer code developed by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) as a part of its activities under the Department of Energy (DOE) Dry Cooling Enhancement Program. The computer program offers a comprehensive method of evaluating the cost savings potential of dry/wet-cooled heat rejection systems. Going beyond simple ''figure-of-merit'' cooling tower optimization, this method includes such items as the cost of annual replacement capacity, and the optimum split between plant scale-up and replacement capacity, as well as the purchase and operating costs of all major heat rejection components. Hence the BNW-II code is a useful tool for determining potential cost savings of new dry/wet surfaces, new piping, or other components as part of an optimized system for a dry/wet-cooled plant.

Nineteen parameters representing landscape, plant, and soil characteristics were examined for their influence on midday plant water relations, daily fluxes and monthly water balance components predicted by a soil-plant-water relations model having hourly resolution. A standard set of parameters was chosen to represent a hardwood forest on ridge top soil in the Oak Ridge, Tennessee, area during a representative summer month (July). Each parameter was varied through a range with all other parameters held at the standard value. The results of the study showed that the model was sensitive to nine plant parameters in noon, daily and monthly results. The ten other parameters had partial or no influence on the simulations. Two leaf characteristics and two landscape properties cause the model to be sensitive in midday values but less sensitive in monthly results due to the negative feedback aspects of the model. Five parameters had almost no influence on the model results in the case examined. The canopy interception parameter had almost no influence on the model results on sunny days, but was a significant component of the monthly water balance. The study highlighted the importance of the root and stem resistances to water flow in influencing plant water status …

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Beryllium-copper alloys should be considered toxic materials and proper controls must be used when they are machined, heated, or otherwise fabricated. Air samples should be taken for each type of fabrication to determine the worker's exposure and the effectiveness of the controls in use. It has been shown that aerosols containing beryllium are generated during the four methods of fabrication tested, and that these aerosols can be reduced through local exhaust to undetectable levels. Considering the acute, chronic and possibly carcinogenic effects of exposure to beryllium, effective controls should be required because they are feasible both technologically and economically. The health hazards and control measures are reviewed.

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The formation of negative ions by hydrogen collisions on cesium-coated surfaces is discussed in the limiting cases where the resident cesium is either in the purely ionic state or in the purely atomic state. The survival fraction for negative ions moving away from a metal surface is calculated using a method employing complex eigenvalues. The fraction of surviving ions is found to be larger than calculated by previous workers. The secondary emission coefficient for negative ion production by incident atoms with energies of ten to one hundred electron volts is estimated to be in the range thirty to forty percent.

Substantial differences were found in the capability of plated-through holes in both double sided and multilayer printed wiring boards to withstand thermal cycling between -65/sup 0/ and 125/sup 0/C. The circuit pattern used for the test contained 240 holes connected in series, 80 each of 0.51 mm, 0.76 mm and 1.02 mm dia. Double sided glass-epoxy and glass-polyimide boards withstood 544 cycles with a total circuit resistance increase of 2 percent. However, paper-epoxy boards revealed many open circuits and substantial electrical resistance increases for the same number of cycles. Considerable variation in electrical resistance increases in glass-epoxy multilayer boards was detected. Analysis of the behavior of the multilayer boards was clouded by the poor quality of the plated-through holes used. Current carrying capability provided a useful indication of hole degradation after cycling. A critical factor effecting plated-through hole reliability in thermal cycling environment appears to be laminate composition. Further testing is suggested to determine the necessity for additional property requirements for laminate procurement specifications, such as minimum glass transition temperature and/or designation of resin composition. Glass-polyimide laminates should be considered for multilayer boards which must withstand extreme thermal cycling environments.

An apparatus is described for the measurement of the density and thermal expansion of molten materials to 3200/sup 0/K using the gamma attenuation technique. The precision of the experimental technique was analytically examined for both absolute and relative density determinations. Three analytical expressions used to reduce data for liquid density determinations were evaluated for their precision. Each allows use of a different set of input data parameters, which can be chosen based on experimental considerations. Using experimentally reasonable values for the precision of the parameters yields a similar resultant density precision from the three methods, on the order of 0.2%. The analytical method for measurements of the linear thermal expansion of solids by the gamma method is also described. To demonstrate the use of the technique on reasonably well-characterized systems, data are presented for (1) the density and thermal expansion of molten tin, lead, and aluminum to 1300/sup 0/K, (2) the thermal expansion of solid aluminum to the melting point, and (3) the thermal expansion of a low melting point glass through the transition temperature and melting region. The data agree very well with published results using other methods where such published data exist.

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An abstract was prepared for the first section of this report. That section contains a review of the first 25 years of fusion research at Livermore. (MOW)

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A conceptual design of a neutral beam line based on the neutralization of negative deuterium ions is presented. This work is a detailed design of a complete neutral beam line based on using negative ions from a direct extraction source. Anticipating major technological advancements, beam line components have been scaled including the negative ion sources and components for the direct energy recovery of charged beams and high speed cryogenic pumping. With application to the next step in experimental fusion reactors (TNS), the neutral beam injector system that has been designed provides 10 MW of 200 keV neutral deuterium atoms. Several arms are required for plasma ignition.

Activities and progress are reported in the following areas: component development, pilot plant development, and instrumentation and statistical systems. (DLC)

This report was prepared for the ERDA-NDC and covers work performed at ORNL since May 1975 in areas of nuclear data of relevance to the U. S. applied nuclear energy program. The report was mostly generated through a review of abstracts of work completed to the point of being subjected to some form of publication in the open literature, formal ORNL reports, ORNL technical memoranda, progress reports, or being presented at technical conferences. As much as possible we have reproduced the complete abstract of the original publication with only minor editing. In a few cases progress reports were written specifically for this publication. The authors have selected the materials to be included in this report on the basis of perceived interests of ERDA-NDC members and cannot claim completeness.

This assessment estimates the impact of future national energy development on water resources. Energy development would include various types of electric power plants, production of synthetic fuels, coal and uranium mining, oil and gas extraction, and other conversion processes. The Energy Analysis Program at LBL has conducted this analysis for its assigned region, the states of California and Nevada. The objective of this study is to determine water requirements of energy technologies and their implications, with emphasis on emerging technologies for aggregated subareas (ASA) in California. The first phase of this study provides energy-supply projections and corresponding demands for water resources as perceived by regional and state groups responsible for or involved in energy planning in California and Nevada. The second phase of the study is designed to calculate the water requirements for the levels of energy development in California as specified by a Department of Energy scenario for the year 2000 and by utility projections as reported by the Federal Power Commission for 1985. The implications of these water requirements on competing water users are explored briefly. 24 references.

From abstract: This report presents the results of the geochemical reconnaissance sampling in the Prescott quadrangle of the National Topographic Map Series (NTMS). Wet and dry sediment samples were collected throughout the 18,770 square kilometer arid-to-semiarid area and water samples at available streams, springs, and wells.

One of the integral elements of the Nuclear Waste Management Program is the material handling task of retrieving Canisters containing spent unreprocessed fuel from their emplacement in a deep geologic salt bed Depository. A study of the retrieval concept data base predicated this report. In this report, alternative concepts for the tasks are illustrated and critiqued, a baseline concept in scenario form is derived and basic retrieval subsystem specifications are presented with cyclic failure probabilities predicted. The report is based on the following assumptions: (a) during retrieval, a temporary radiation seal is placed over each Canister emplacement; (b) a sleeve, surrounding the Canister, was initially installed during the original emplacement; (c) the emplacement room's physical and environmental conditions established in this report are maintained while the task is performed.

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Research progress is reported on analytical methodology, mass and emission spectrometry, analytical services, bio-organic analysis, and nuclear and radiochemical analysis.

Essay outlining a behavioral model in regard to accounting for common stockholders.

An evaluation of three coal feeder concepts (lockhopper, Fuller Kinyon screw and Foster Miller pocket feeder) for use in the ICGG first stage gasifier was made. For the sake of consistency, all feed concepts were evaluated on the same basis, that is, feeding a nominal 100 Tons per hour (TPH) against a back pressure of 50 psig. Also, all feed systems were assumed to have similar atmospheric storage hoppers and final injection systems. Accordingly, no further consideration of these support systems was made. This survey was accomplished by reviewing the literature, interviewing vendors, contacting applicable facilities and performing necessary original analysis. The emphasis of the survey was on the test and industrial experience of each system. The results of this survey which are summarized on Table I show that the lockhopper system still should be considered as the baseline system because it is a proven system with extensive operating experience. On the other hand, if definitive tests can prove conclusively that the Fuller Kinyon screw pump will deliver coal against 50 psig back pressure with acceptable efficiencies and coal particle attrition characteristics, it would be the preferred system because it is the lowest cost and easiest to maintain. The Foster …

This is the third complete revision of program abstracts undertaken by the Center. Programs of the IBM 7040, 7090, and CDC 3600 vintage have been removed. Historical data and information on abstract format, program package contents, and subject classification are given. The following subject areas are included in the library: cross section and resonance integral calculations; spectrum calculations, generation of group constants, lattice and cell problems; static design studies; depletion, fuel management, cost analysis, and power plant economics; space-independent kinetics; space--time kinetics, coupled neutronics--hydrodynamics--thermodynamics and excursion simulations; radiological safety, hazard and accident analysis; heat transfer and fluid flow; deformation and stress distribution computations, structural analysis and engineering design studies; gamma heating and shield design; reactor systems analysis; data preparation; data management; subsidiary calculations; experimental data processing; general mathematical and computing system routines; materials; environmental and earth sciences; electronics, engineering equipment, and energy systems studies; chemistry; particle accelerators and high-voltage machines; physics; magnetic fusion research; data. (RWR)