The User's Manual describes how to operate BNW-II, a computer code developed by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) as a part of its activities under the Department of Energy (DOE) Dry Cooling Enhancement Program. The computer program offers a comprehensive method of evaluating the cost savings potential of dry/wet-cooled heat rejection systems. Going beyond simple ''figure-of-merit'' cooling tower optimization, this method includes such items as the cost of annual replacement capacity, and the optimum split between plant scale-up and replacement capacity, as well as the purchase and operating costs of all major heat rejection components. Hence the BNW-II code is a useful tool for determining potential cost savings of new dry/wet surfaces, new piping, or other components as part of an optimized system for a dry/wet-cooled plant.

An abstract was prepared for the first section of this report. That section contains a review of the first 25 years of fusion research at Livermore. (MOW)

A conceptual design of a neutral beam line based on the neutralization of negative deuterium ions is presented. This work is a detailed design of a complete neutral beam line based on using negative ions from a direct extraction source. Anticipating major technological advancements, beam line components have been scaled including the negative ion sources and components for the direct energy recovery of charged beams and high speed cryogenic pumping. With application to the next step in experimental fusion reactors (TNS), the neutral beam injector system that has been designed provides 10 MW of 200 keV neutral deuterium atoms. Several arms are required for plasma ignition.

This is part of a history of the research work of Seaborg and associates in the University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory, Chemistry Section C-I. The work was concerned with the development of chemical procedures for the extraction of plutonium, for the purification of plutonium, and for research on the isotopes of other heavy elements including other transuranium elements. The style of the history is that of a diary with footnotes giving additional information. (DLC)

Seismological methods, including studies of microearthquakes, P- and S-wave velocities and P-wave attenuation were investigated as tools for the exploration and delineation of geothermal resources. Seismograms from explosions and microearthquakes were examined for changes in frequency content and relative arrival times across a known geothermal area, The Geysers, California, and a potential geothermal region, Grass Valley, Nevada. Microearthquakes within the two regions were examined for evidence of spatial variations in radiated P- and S-waves. Additional information concerning Basin and Range structure was provided by regional refraction studies. Detailed structural analysis in Grass Valley was obtained by commercial reflection and refraction work. Heat flow modeling, consistent with structure inferred by seismological techniques, was used to discriminate between conductive and convective heat flow anomalies in Grass Valley. Concentrated observations in Grass Valley around Leach Hot Springs revealed moderate microearthquake activity on a trend crossing the southern end of the valley, with occasional swarms in the area of high heat flow (4 to 6 hfu) at the north end of the 1915 Pleasant Valley earthquake (mag = 7.5) fault trace. Studies in The Geysers steam field reveal significant velocity and attenuation anomalies associated with the production zone. It is concluded that with proper …

A stress analysis of the LOFT Diesel Generator ''A'' Exhaust Stack was performed to determine its reaction to Safe-Shutdown Earthquake loads. The exhaust stack silencer and supporting foundation was found to be inadequate for the postulated seismic accelerations. Lateral support is required to prevent overturning of the silencer pedestal and reinforcement of the 4'' x 0.5'' silencer base straps is necessary. Basic requirements for this additional support are discussed.

As a result of geopressured resource assessment studies in the Gulf Coast region, the Brazoria fairway, located in Brazoria County, Texas was determined to be an optimum area for additional studies. A plan is presented for drilling, completion, and testing of one geopressured-geothermal well and two disposal wells in Brazoria County, Texas. The objectives of the well drilling and testing program are to determine the following parameters: reservoir permeability, porosity, thickness, rock material properties, depth, temperature, and pressure; reservoir fluid content, specific gravity, resistivity, viscosity, and hydrocarbons in solution; reservoir fluid production rates, pressure, temperature, production decline, and pressure decline; geopressured well and surface equipment design requirements for high-volume production and possible sand production; specific equipment design for surface operations, hydrocarbons distribution, and effluent disposal; and possibilities of reservoir compaction and/or surface subsidence. (JGB)

A redesign of the LOFT instrument penetration necessitated a reanalysis of the thermal conditions existing in the nozzle and flange during a Loss of Coolant Experiment (LOCE). The maximum temperature gradient existing in the instrument flange will be used to determine the thermal stresses and maximum number of allowable cycles for the instrument flange. Based upon the specification and thermal conditions predicted by RELAP4/MOD5, the maximum temperature gradient through the flange will not exceed 216/sup 0/F. The thermal conditions predicted by RELAP4/MOD2 for the nozzle head penetration assembly were less severe than those used in the original thermal-stress analysis, so only the flange was analyzed here. If the thermal stresses are marginal with the 216/sup 0/F ..delta..T, a more detailed analysis should be done as the heat slab model used in RELAP is only one dimensional. Conservative hand calculations were performed for a heatup rate of 100/sup 0/F per hour and it was determined that the worst temperature gradient through the flange will be less than 81/sup 0/F.

Copper in the sea is derived principally from continental weathered products added to the oceans at continental boundaries; hence processes, fluxes, and pathways in estuaries control the supply of copper to the marine biosphere. From mass balances, the fluxes, sources, and sinks of copper in an Alaskan fjord were examined by utilizing fjord deep waters as an approximation to a closed chemical system. Copper was measured in the water columns and interstitial waters electroanalytically. Concentrations of soluble copper ranged between 0.14 ..mu..g l/sup -1/ and 3.13 ..mu..g l/sup -1/. Approximately 40% of total copper was associated with particulate matter in the water column. Concentrations of copper in interstitial waters varied between 1.02 and 9.98 ..mu..g l/sup -1/; maximum concentrations were always found in surface segments. Concentrations of copper on sediments were about 20 mg kg /sup -1/. Copper was removed from the water column and transported to the sediments by particulate matter; net annual removal was estimated to be between 9.6 and 14.2 ..mu..g Cu cm/sup -2/. Copper was remobilized from the solid phase(s) in surface sediments and subsequently returned to the overlying water; net annual transport across the sediment-seawater interface was estimated to be 1.9 ..mu..g Cu cm/sup -/2. …

A research program is proposed to determine the response of desert ecosystems to the operation of various solar conversion systems. Existing solar powered irrigation pumping systems are described, as well as the 5 MW solar thermal test system at Albuquerque, the proposed 10 MW central receiver system at Barstow, and photovoltaic solar dispersed power systems. The theoretical ecological impacts of solar conversion system are described. Three major impact categories are discussed in detail: shading, wind deflection, and physical disturbance. Research needs necessary to evaluate biotic and abiotic changes in the desert ecosystem are delineated, and specific monitoring and manipulation programs for existing and proposed solar conversion sites are proposed.