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ERDA has been conducting high altitude drop tests of a heated cylinder in order to obtain aerodynamic data for use in the satellite power supply program. The cylinder simulated the cylindrical heat source for the MHW-RTG. Since drop testing is an expensive and difficult method of testing, a wind tunnel technique was developed. Results of the tests are presented. (TFD)

From 166th American Chemical Society national meeting; Chicago, Illinois, USA (26 Aug 1973). Rate constants for the interaction of ortho- positronium atoms with a series of diamagnetic organic compounds were determined. Nitrated aromatic molecules interact far more readily with orthopositronium than do nitrated aliphatic molecules. The observed rate constants for the aromatic molecules show a distinct dependency on the nature of the subsitituents and their relative positions in the aromatic ring. This dependency may be attributed to steiic interactions which influence the relative electron charge density on the atoms in the molecule and alter the molecular energy levels. (auth)

Di-tertiarybutylnitroxide (DTBN), which they have tried to use as a trapping agent to identify the species giving rise to the photo-induced EPR signals in photosynthetic materials, functions as a Hill reagent with spinach chloroplasts. Evidence is presented which indicates that the reduction of DTBN is affected by photosystem II of the electron transport system of spinach chloroplasts. The reduced form of DTBN, the hydroxylamine, undergoes a photo-oxidation with spinach chloroplasts. Possible explanations of this apparent inconsistency are presented. A product which could be ascribed to a chemical coupling reaction between the nitroxide and the radical species giving rise to the photo-induced EPR signals in spinach chloroplasts was not detected, even using radioactive tracer methods.

Four recent measurements in pp and np scattering below 250 MeV are used to indicate the substantial influence that new experiments can have upon phase parameters derived from the expanded data base. The cases are described separately, and the collective effect upon energy dependent analyses is discussed. It is indicated that the types of change are far from negligible. 7 refs. (JFP)

The scope of this project was to develop and apply analytical techniques for the characterization of coal conversion products. Solvent-refined coal served as the coal-derived material for the duration of the study. The investigation has focused primarily in the areas of separations and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Highlights of the twenty-eight month study are listed and followed by a brief synopsis of the major findings.

There has been much interest recently in coherent multiphoton transitions in many-level systems. The present work considers the effect of relaxation in the response of a three-level system to a smoothly varying, near-resonant, two-photon field. The relaxation-dependent contributions to the nonlinear refractive index are calculated. It is shown that the coherent interaction of two smoothly varying, near-resonant, two-photon pulses with a three-level system can be described by ''two-photon damped Bloch equations'' which are analogous to those for a one-photon transition in a two-level system except for the presence of a two-photon coupling and a frequency shift. 1 figure. (RWR)

From 7th international hot atom chemistry symposium; Julich, F. R. Germany (10 Sep 1973). The stereochemistry of the halogen for halogen substitution at asymmetric carbon atoms, induced by energetic or thermal bromine and iodine species was studied in diastereomeric alkyl halide molecules such as d,1- and meso-2,3-dichlorobutane. Energetic /sup 80/Br species were generated via the /sup 80m/Br (I.T.)/sup 80/Br nuclear process in reactor produced CF/sub 3/ /sup 80m/Br and allowed to react with the substrate molecules while still possessing excess kinetic energy or after having become thermalized in collisions with argon atoms. /sup 125/I species were produced via the radioactive decay of / sup 125/Xe. The observed results show in unmoderated systems generally a predominance of those products which were formed in the halogen for halogen exchange process under retention of configuration. (auth)

Progress is reported in the development of procedures for the evaluation of low-temperature radiogenically-derived geothermal resources in the eastern United States utilizing geological geochemical, and geophysical data. An optimum site for geothermal development in the tectonically stable eastern United States will probably be associated with crustal igneous rocks containing relatively high concentrations of radiogenic heat-producing elements buried beneath an insulating blanket of sediments of low thermal conductivity. Evaluation of plutonic rocks exposed in the Piedmont will aid in the interpretation of gravity and magnetic data for the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Initial results of determination of heat generation from surface samples in South Caroline are encouraging, especially if granitic igneous rocks of similar heat generation can be found beneath sedimentary insulation. Continues logging of existing wells in Coastal Plain sediments supports earlier conclusion that these sediments do behave as efficient sedimentary insulators. Higher temperatures appear to be reached at shallower depths for wells drilled in Coastal Plain sediments in the vicinity of the Georgetown, South Carolina gravity law. Detailed structural mapping in the vicinity of the warm springs in northwestern Virginia has confirmed structural control of the warm springs, and has revealed the existence of kink bands. The kink bands could …

The objective of this research is to develop and apply targeting procedures for the evaluation of low-temperature radiogenically-derived geothermal resources in the eastern United States utilizing geological, geochemical, and geophysical data. Detailed study of the Liberty Hill and Winnsboro plutons, South Carolina, is continuing in order to provide insight into the behavior of uranium and thorium in unmetamorphosed granitic plutons during periods of crystallization, deuteric alteration and weathering. The importance of the oxidation state of uranium has become apparent because the transition from U/sup 4 +/ to U/sup 6 +/ represents the division between immobile and labile uranium. Accessory uraninite has been found in the Liberty Hill pluton, and molybdenite mineralization occurs in both the Liberty Hill and Winnsboro plutons. The molybdenum mineralization is present in a number of 300 m.y. granitic plutons in the southeastern U.S. A steep metamorphic gradient across the Roxboro, North Carolina, metagranite, which was metamorphosed during Devonian time, should provide a good opportunity to study the effect of prograde metamorphism on the distribution of uranium and thorium. Three holes have been drilled into the Roxboro metagranite for the purpose of examining the effect of metamorphism on heat generation and heat flow. Preliminary modeling of negative …

Combustion is the predominant end-process by which fossil fuels are converted to energy. Combustion, particularly when inefficient, is also the primary technological source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released into the environment. The need for liquid fuels to supply the transportation industry and for nonpolluting fuels for heat and power generation provide the incentive to commercialize processes to convert coal to substitute natural gas and oil. These processes represent a potentially massive new source of environmental PAHs. Insuring an adequate supply of energy with minimum impact on the environment and on health is one of the most important, urgent, and challenging goals currently facing science and technology. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon related carcinogenesis is among the most important of possible occupational- and environmental-health impacts of much of the current and projected national energy base. An understanding of the relationship of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to human cancer and a continued surveillance of energy sources for PAH content are necessary to minimize this impact.

The current status and coordination of efforts related to the eighteen environmental studies identified for the Geysers-Calistoga KGRA are reported. (MHR)

The state of seismograph networks and arrays is summarized and evaluated in the light of current and foreseeable needs of the users of seismological data. Recommendations are made to responsible government decision makers and public officials. 16 figures. (RWR)

The inelastic response of a beam to several time-varying moments is presented. The constitutive equations used to describe the beam material are due to Hart. This is one of several state variable theories of inelastic deformation that have been proposed recently. Hart's equations have been previously shown to accurately predict the response of uniaxial specimens to time-varying loads. It is seen that Hart's theory is able to qualitatively simulate various phenomena in creep and plasticity such as the effect of previous deformation history, yielding, strain recovery, material hardening and strain rate sensitivity in this case of bending of a beam. The computational scheme used to integrate the equations is very efficient.

Benzo(a)pyrene continues to be the most widely accepted indicator of PAH content and biological significance. The concentrations of BaP in synfuels related materials are summarized. Petroleum crude is estimated to contain approximately 1 ppM of BaP. Both shale- and coal-derived crudes contain approximately three times as much BaP. Depending on the source (coal, process, process conditions), coal-derived crude oils contain BaP ranging from the same amount as petroleum crudes to ten times as much. High boiling distillates and distillate residues are generally enriched in BaP content as should be expected. While enriched in BaP relative to petroleum crudes, coal-derived crude oils contain two to three times less BaP than do coal tar, coal tar pitch, and petroleum pitch. Mutagenic activity is observed in the PAH fractions containing three-ring PAHs to those containing PAHs greater than five rings in size. The specific activity tends to ''peak'' for the 4-ring and 5-ring fractions, i.e., those containing the most common (benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(c)phenanthrene, 3-methylcholanthrene, etc.) known carcinogens. Of particular interest is the observation that fractions corresponding to PAHs of 4-rings and larger contain constituents which do not require metabolic activation to express histidine reversion. It is also important to note that mutagenicity of the …

Much of the social science literature on environment is of recent origin and represents the response of the social science research community to a complex societal problem in which technology is a major factor. Energy represents another such problem to which the social science research community is now turning its attention. Because energy problems and environment problems have some similarities and because energy-conversion processes have large effects on the environment, a review of the social science literature on environment was undertaken. The purposes of this review are as follows: (1) to study the possible utility in energy research of some of the concepts developed in social science research on the environment; (2) to study the possible utility in energy research of some of the methodologies utilized in social science research on the environment; and (3) to study the extent to which the results of social science research on the environment have contributed to the development of policy. The first two items above receive major attention in this preliminary literature survey. 50 references.

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The purpose of the Insolation Resource Assessment Program is to collect, standardize, certify, process,, and archive geophysical data for solar energy applications. The principal solar parameters to be measured are global, direct, diffuse and total radiation on an inclined surface. The measurement of the spectral distribution of solar radiation is also important to the development of several technologies. The aim of many of the completed, current, and planned projects presented in the IRAP Plan is to improve solar data collection methods and procedures and to refine solar radiation forecasting capabilities.

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An airborne plutonium monitoring system which is installed in the ZPR-9 (Zero Power Reactor No. 9) facility at Argonne National Laboratory is described. The design and operational experience are discussed. This monitoring system utilizes particle size and density discrimination, alpha particle energy discrimination, and a background-subtraction techique operating in cascade to separate airborne-plutonium activity from other, naturally occurring, airborne activity. Relatively high sensitivity and reliability are achieved. (auth)

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The Savannah River Plant (SRP) releases small amounts of radioactive nuclides to the atmosphere as a consequence of the production of radioisotopes. The potential for larger accidental releases to the atmosphere also exists, although the probability for most accidents is low. To provide for emergency meteorological response to accidental releases and to conduct research on the transport and diffusion of radioactive nuclides in the routine releases, a series of high-quality meteorological sensors have been located on towers in and about SRP. These towers are equipped with instrumentation to detect and record temperature and wind turbulence. Signals from the meterological sensors are brought by land-line to the SRL Weather Center-Analysis Laboratory (WC-AL). At the WC-AL, a Weather Information and Display (WIND) system has been installed. The WIND system consists of a minicomputer with graphical displays in the WC-AL and also in the emergency operating center (EOC) of SRP. In addition, data are available to the system from standard weather teletype services, which provide both routine surface weather observations and routine upper air wind and temperature observations for the southeastern United States. Should there be an accidental release to the atmosphere, available recorded data and computer codes would allow the calculation and …

Monte Carlo simulations of the expansion of a spacefaring civilization show that descendants of that civilization should be found near virtually every useful star in the Galaxy in a time much less than the current age of the Galaxy. Only extreme assumptions about local population growth rates, emigration rates, or ship ranges can slow or halt an expansion. The apparent absence of extraterrestrials from the solar system suggests that no such civilization has arisen in the Galaxy. 1 figure.