Studies of refractory metal alloys concentrated on two families of such alloys: ternary tungsten alloys and binary T/sub 5/-T/sub 9/ alloys. The former were selected because of the possibility of finding desirable glasses consisting of low-cost components; the latter were chosen because they could be quenched into metallic glasses with high thermal stability and good toughness. Alloys selected for study were prepared by arc-melting and were subsequently rapidly quenched in an arc furnace quenching unit. Considerable difficulties were encountered in preparing metal--metalloid alloys, such as W--B, as well as alloys combining high melting and low melting transition metals, such as W and Ni. Brittleness of ductility as revealed by a bend test was noted. Measurements were made up to 1000 K and resistivity measurements up to 1300 K. The probe for electrical resistivity measurements at high temperatures has been constructed and tested. To determine the elastic (Young's) moduli of new metallic glasses prepared in this program, equipment utilizing the pulse--echo method was set up.

A stress analysis was performed on the LOFT Pressurizer Pressure Relief System to determine if it met the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, 1974 Edition, for Class 1 and Class 2 components. Deadweight, thermal expansion, seismic, design LOCE, and LOCA loads were considered. The results of this analysis indicate that the LOFT pressurizer pressure relief system will comply with Code specifications provided modifications are made to the hanger support configuration and one small section of pipe. The recommended changes are listed below. Note that some of these hangers were previously required based upon an analysis which subjected this same piping system to a reduced LOCE (20 millisecond valve opening). (1) Addition of Snubbers as per letter HIK-12-75, LOFT Pipe Hanger Requirements on Main Feed Main Steam Pressurizer and ECC Systems. (2) The 1/2'' Line 1/2''-PCS-10 between the tee and CVP-136-19 must be increased in diameter to 1.050 inches (OD of nominal 3/4'' pipe). (3) Modification of Unibals and flat bars as per letter Muff-2-76, required change of flat bar hangers and unibals on pressure relief and pressurizing piping. 9 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.

Seasonal onshore-offshore sections were run in March, May and September 1977 and January 1978 off Savannah and Brunswick, Georgia. In each instance upwelling was observed at the shelf break with significant nutrient fluxes into the surface and/or shelf waters. There are indications that eddies may have been responsible for some of these observations.

An outline is presented for a proposed scope of work to evaluate the mechanical performance of candidate first wall coatings for a Tokamak-type fusion reactor. The goal of the overall program is to provide an adequate coating material and recoating process which can be manufactured by currently available vendors.

An experimental study to develop an electrically driven flyer system for explosive initiation studies is described. Both pulsed laser stereophotography and streak camera studies have been used to determine a foil/land/flyer geometry that will give sufficiently planar flyers for quantitative explosive initiation studies. A shot assembly with explosive wedges 6.4-mm diam and 20 to 30/sup 0/ angles has been designed to study run distances to detonation from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm. Preliminary results are given for 1.8-g/cm/sup 3/ superfine TATB.

Refractories for slag containment, nondestructive evaluation methods, corrosion, erosion, and component failures were studied. Analysis of coal slags reveal ferritic contents of 18 to 61%, suggesting a partial pressure of 0/sub 2/ in the slagging zone of approx. 10/sup -2/ to 10/sup -4/ Pa. A second field test of the high-temperature ultrasonic erosion-monitoring system was completed. Ultrasonic inspecton of the HYGAS cyclone separator shows a reduced erosive-wear rate at 5000 h in the stellite region. The acoustic leak-detection system for valves was field tested using a 150-mm-dia. valve with a range of pressures from 0.34 to 4.05 MPa. Results suggest a linear relation between detected rms levels and leak rates. Studies on acoustic emissions from refractory concrete continued with further development of a real-time data acquisition system. Corrosion studies were conducted on Incoloy 800, Type 310 stainless steel, Inconel 671 and U.S. Steel Alloy 18-18-2 (as-received, thermally aged, and preexposed for 3.6 Ms to multicomponent gas mixtures). Results suggest a decrease in ultimate tensile strength and flow stress after preexposure. Examination of commercial iron- and nickel-base alloys after 100-h exposures in atmospheric-pressure fluidized-bed combustors suggests that the addition of 0.3 mole % CaCl/sub 2/ to the fluidized bed has no …

The data obtained for the first round robin sample collected at Mesa 6-2 wellhead, East Mesa Test Site, Imperial Valley are summarized. Test results are listed by method used for cross reference to the analytic methods section. Results obtained for radioactive isotopes present in the brine sample are tabulated. The data obtained for the second round robin sample collected from the Woolsey No. 1 first stage flash unit, San Diego Gas and Electric Niland Test Facility are presented in the same manner. Lists of the participants of the two round robins are given. Data from miscellaneous analyses are included. Summaries of values derived from the round robin raw data are presented. (MHR)

The neutral beam group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has constructed neutral beam generators for the ORMAK and PLT devices, is presently constructing neutral beam devices for the ISX and PDX devices, and is contemplating the construction of neutral beam systems for the advanced TNS device. These neutral beam devices stem from the pioneering work on ion sources of G. G. Kelley and O. B. Morgan. We describe the ion sources under development at this Laboratory, the beam optics exhibited by these sources, as well as some theoretical considerations, and finally the remainder of the beamline design.

Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the 28 included papers. Abstracts for the remaining 43 papers appeared earlier in ERA. (MOW)

This brief review covers the US neutral-beam-injector research and development work carried out at DOE Laboratories: The Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), The Lawrence Berkeley and Livermore Laboratories (LBL/LLL), and The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).

The application of the Demountable Externally Anchored Low Stress (DEALS) magnet concept to a High Field Ignition Test Reactor (HFITR) is considered in this paper. The TF magnet design, its demountability and the reactor accessibility is described. Results of finite element stress analyses of the support structure and the coil are given. Estimated heat inputs and refrigeration requirements are calculated. The feasibility of utilizing a movable pressure contact is examined.

The conceptual design of a tokamak fusion-fission (hybrid) reactor, which produces electric power and fissile material, has been performed in a cooperative effort between Princeton's Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) and Battelle's Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL). PPPL, who had overall project lead responsibility, designed the fusion driver system. Its core consists of a tokamak plasma maintained in the two-component torus (TCT) mode by both D and T beams and having a single null poloidal divertor. The blanket concept selected by PPPL consists of a neutron multiplying converter region, containing natural Uranium Molybdenum (U-Mo) slugs followed by a fuel burning blanket region of molten salt containing PuF/sub 3/. PNL analyzed this concept to determine its structural, thermal and hydraulic performance characteristics. An adequate first wall cooling method was determined, utilizing low pressure water in a double wall design. A conceptual layout of the converter region tubes was performed, providing adequate helium cooling and the desired movement of U-Mo slugs. A thermal hydraulic analysis of the power-producing blanket regions indicated that either more helium coolant tubes are needed or the salt must be circulated to obtain adequate heat removal capability.

Six high power (40 keV--60 A) injection systems, four for PLT (Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory) and two for ISX (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) tokamaks, have been developed, fabricated, and operated. Each injector delivers 750 kW (1000 kW) of H (D) neutral power to the tokamak plasma. An in-depth system parameter study has revealed unique features: high atomic yield (approximately 85%), improved ion optics due to a preacceleration technique, near steady-state operation (up to 500 msec), and a possible technique to control species yield. Routine operation includes high duty cycle (approximately 10%), long filament lifetime (several months), high arc efficiency, and the reliability necessary for application on a fusion device. The program status and injection parameters will be discussed.

Atlas of surface mines in excess of 10 acres in operation prior to 1976 in the 11 western contiguous states plus North Dakota and South Dakota.

The objective of this project is to design, fabricate, and operate a fermentation facility which will demonstrate on a pilot-scale level (3 oven-dry tons (ODT) per day of feedstock) the economic and technical feasibility of producing anhydrous ethyl alcohol from lignocellulosic biomass residues (wood, corn stover, and wheat straw principally). The resultant process development unit (PDU) will be flexibly designed so as to evaluate current and projected unit operations, materials of construction, chemical and enzymatic systems which offer the potential of significant technological and economic breakthroughs in alcohol production from biomass. The principal focus of the project is to generate fuels from biomass. As such, in addition to alcohol which can be used as a transportation fuel, by-products are to be directed where possible to fuel applications. The project consists of two parts: (1) conceptual design, and (2) detailed engineering design. The first quarter's activities have focused on a critical review of several aspects of the conceptual design of the 3 ODT/day PDU, viz.: (1) biomass cost, availability, and characterization; (2) pretreatment processes for lignocellulosic residues; (3) hydrolytic processes (enzymatic and acidic); (4) fermentation processes; (5) alcohol recovery systems; (6) by-product streams utilization; and (7) process economics.

This two-part report provides an essentially complete listing of radioactive occurrences in Colorado, with a comprehensive bibliography and bibliographic cross-indexes. Part 1 lists approximately 3000 known radioactive occurrences with their locations and brief accounts of the geology, mineralogy, radioactivity, host rock, production data, and source of data for each. The occurrences are classified by host rock and plotted on U.S. Geological Survey 1/sup 0/ x 2/sup 0/ topographic quadrangle maps with a special 1 : 100,000-scale base map for the Uravan mineral belt. Part 2 contains the bibliography of approximately 2500 citations on radioactive mineral occurrences in the state, with cross-indexes by county, host rock, and the special categories of ''Front Range,'' ''Colorado Plateau,'' and ''thorium.'' The term ''occurrence'' as used in this report is defined as any site where the concentration of uranium or thorium is at least 0.01% or where the range of radioactivity is greater than twice the background radioactivity. All citations and occurrence data are stored on computer diskettes for easy retrieval, correction, and updating.

The complexity-stability hypothesis was experimentally tested using intact terrestrial microcosms. Functional complexity was defined as the number and significance of component interactions (i.e., population interactions, physical-chemical reactions, biological turnover rates) influenced by nonlinearities, feedbacks, and time delays. It was postulated that functional complexity could be nondestructively measured through analysis of a signal generated from the system. Power spectral analysis of hourly CO/sub 2/ efflux, from eleven old-field microcosms, was analyzed for the number of low frequency peaks and used to rank the functional complexity of each system. Ranking of ecosystem stability was based on the capacity of the system to retain essential nutrients and was measured by net loss of Ca after the system was stressed. Rank correlation supported the hypothesis that increasing ecosystem functional complexity leads to increasing ecosystem stability. The results indicated that complex functional dynamics can serve to stabilize the system. The results also demonstrated that microcosms are useful tools for system-level investigations.

This study explores the practical limits of helium cooling in a simple geometry unconstrained by a particular conceptual design. Specifically, the configuration was chosen to be an externally heated straight tube considering both uniform heating and heating of half the external parimeter. Both thermal hydraulic and structural limits to the heat flux have been investigated. Curves are presented to show the heat flux and tube length which simultaneously attain both a well temperature and pressure drop/pumping power limit for a range of diameters from 0.05 to 8.0 inches and pressures from 50 to 5000 psia. Tube wall stress limits on heat flux are also shown for the same range of pressure and diameter. These results should serve as an aid in planning more complex concepts as well as evaluating helium cooling in this specific configuration.

Experiments were carried out to investigate the erosion of concrete under high surface heat flux in connection with the core-melt/concrete interaction studies. The dominate erosion mechanism was found to be melting at the surface accompanied by chemical decomposition of the concrete beneath the melt-solid interface. The erosion process reaches a steady state after an initial transient. The steady state is characterized by an essentially constant erosion rate at the surface and a nonvarying (with respect to the moving melt interface) temperature distribution within the concrete. For the range of incident heat flux 64 W/cm/sup 2/ to 118 W/cm/sup 2/, the corresponding steady state erosion rate varies from approximately 8 cm/hr to 23 cm/hr. A simple ablation/melting model is proposed for the erosion process. The model was found to be able to correlate all temperature responses at various depths from all tests at large times and for temperatures above approximately 250/sup 0/C.

The compartment model has a large number of applications in ecosystem science. An attempt is made to outline the problem areas and objectives for which this type of model has particular advantages. The areas identified are an adequate model of tracer movement through an undisturbed but non-equilibrium ecosystem; an adequate model of the movement of material in greater than tracer quantity through an ecosystem near steady state; a minimal model based on limited data; a tool for extrapolating past trends; a framework for the summarization of large data sets; and a theoretical tool for exploring and comparing limited aspects of ecosystem dynamics. The review is set in an historical perspective which helps explain why these models were adopted in ecology. References are also provided to literature which documents available mathematical techniques in an ecological context.

Separate abstracts were prepared for each of the 3 included sections. (MOW)

An evaluation of the n + /sup 242/Pu cross sections is presented for the neutron energy range of 10 keV to 20 MeV. The total fission and radiative capture cross sections are based upon experimental measurements of /sup 242/Pu. The remaining cross sections, together with the elastic and inelastic angular distributions to low lying states were calculated using various reaction models. An expression is presented for the energy dependence of the average number of neutrons produced per fission. The results were placed in ENDF/B-V format and combined with a recent evaluation of data below 10 keV by the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory, so that a complete data set covering the energy range of 10/sup -5/ eV to 20 MeV is available. 41 references.

The symposium dealt with the state of the art of injection of fluids underground, and its application to geothermal systems in particular. Separate abstracts were prepared for fourteen papers and three abstracts of papers were listed by title. Three papers were previously abstracted for EDB.

A new, sinterable yttria (Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/) plaster was developed. The properties of this plaster depend on: (1) starting-power characteristics, (2) type and concentration of the acid used for the liquid phase, and (3) the liquid-to powder (L/P) ratios. Physical and chemical properties of the yttria plaster were investigated. Plasters formed in the yttria/acid/water (dilute-acids) system were determined to consist mostly of needle (or plate)-shaped hydroxysalt binder phases analogous to precipitates in the YX/sub 3//sodium hydroxide/water system (where X represents either Cl/sup -/ or NO/sub 3//sup -/). The binder phases were shown to be of the form Y/sub 2/(OH)/sub 6-m/X/sub m/ x nH/sub 2/O, where m and n generally equal one. The decomposition behavior on heating yttria plasters was studied by thermal analyses. The nitric acid-produced plasters decomposed to yttria below 600/sup 0/C in argon; the hydrochloric acid-produced plasters decomposed to yttria by 1520/sup 0/C in argon or by 1100/sup 0/C in air. Examination of scandium oxide and the rare-earth oxides showed that several exhibited a plaster-forming behavior similar to yttria.