This thesis presents the design of a communication system (PRCS) which improves on all aspects of the current state of the art 4G communication system Long Term Evolution (LTE) including peak to average power ratio (PAPR), data reliability, spectral efficiency and complexity using the most recent state of the art research in the field combined with novel implementations. This research is relevant and important to the field of electrical and communication engineering because it provides benefits to consumers in the form of more reliable data with higher speeds as well as a reduced burden on hardware original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The results presented herein show up to a 3 dB reduction in PAPR, less than 10-5 bit errors at 7.5 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) using 4QAM, up to 3 times increased throughput in the uplink mode and 10 times reduced channel coding complexity.

This thesis provides an implementation of consensus of multi-agent networked systems. Consensus problem is an important issue of distributed computing and has various algorithms and applications in the field of electronical and computer science. The consensus requests all nodes of a network reach an agreement over a certain measurement. An algorithm of convergent consensus problem is implemented through a small network of Bluetooth communication in the thesis. The connections of the Bluetooth devices are wireless, and the device nodes of the network are driven by C++ software and Winsock API. The simulation results show that the implementation completes all the requirements of the distributed consensus algorithm.

GNU Radio and OSSIE (Open-Source SCA (Software communication architecture) Implementation-Embedded) are two open source software toolkits for SDR (Software Defined Radio) developments, both of them can be supported by USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral). In order to compare the performance of these two toolkits, an FM receiver over GNU Radio and OSSIE are tested in my thesis, test results are showed in Chapter 4 and Chapter 5. Results showed that the FM receiver over GNU Radio has better performance, due to the OSSIE is lack of synchronization between USRP interface and the modulation /demodulation components. Based on this, the SISO (Single Input Single Output) communication system over GNU Radio is designed to transmit and receive sound or image files between two USRP equipped with RFX2400 transceiver at 2.45G frequency. Now, GNU Radio and OSSIE are widely used for academic research, but the future work based on GNU Radio and OSSIE can be designed to support MIMO, sensor network, and real time users etc.

In this thesis, we conduct a preliminary study on the controller design for directional antenna devices carried by drones. The goal of the control system is to ensure the best alignment between two directional antennas so as to enhance the performance of air-to-air communication between the drones. The control system at the current stage relies on the information received from GPS devices. The control system includes two loops: velocity loop and position loop to suppress wind disturbances and to assure the alignment of two directional antennae. The simulation and animation of directional antennae alignment control for two-randomly moving drones was developed using SIMULINK. To facilitate RSSI-based antenna alignment control to be conducted in the future work, a study on initial scanning techniques is also included at the end of this thesis.

Networked multi-agent systems have attracted lots of researchers to develop algorithms, techniques, and applications.A multi-agent networked system consists of more than one subsystem (agent) to cooperately solve a global problem with only local computations and communications in a fully distributed manner. These networked systems have been investigated in various different areas including signal processing, control system, and machine learning. We can see massive applications using networked systems in reality, for example, persistent surveillance, healthcare, factory manufacturing, data mining, machine learning, power system, transportation system, and many other areas. Considering the nature of those mentioned applications, traditional centralized control and optimization algorithms which require both higher communication and computational capacities are not suitable. Additionally, compared to distributed control and optimization approaches, centralized control, and optimization algorithms cannot be scaled into systems with a large number of agents, or guarantee performance and security. All of the limitations of centralized control and optimization algorithms motivate us to investigate and develop new distributed control and optimization algorithms in networked systems. Moreover, convergence rate and analysis are crucial in control and optimization literature, which motivates us to investigate how to analyze and accerlate the convergence of distributed optimization algorithms.

This thesis describes environmental data collection and transmission from the field to a server using Wi-Fi. Also discussed are components, radio wave propagation, received power calculations, and throughput tests. Measured receive power resulted close to calculated and simulated values. Throughput tests resulted satisfactory. The thesis provides detailed systematic procedures for Wi-Fi radio link setup and techniques to optimize the quality of a radio link.

Layered structures are commonly used in communication systems, but their roles in decentralized control are not understood well. In the first part of this thesis, a theoretical study of consensus (a typical decentralized control task) in layered structures is conducted. The unique graph topology approach permits explicit characterization of consensus performance based on simple graphical characteristics of MLMG structures. In the second part of this thesis, a generic LEGO test-bed to mimic multi-domain communication with layered structures is described. A search-and-rescue scenario is implemented to demonstrate the use of the test-bed.

Low-density parity check (LDPC) codes are very popular among error correction codes because of their high-performance capacity. Numerous investigations have been carried out to analyze the performance and simplify the implementation of LDPC codes. Relatively slow convergence of iterative decoding algorithm affects the performance of LDPC codes. Faster convergence can be achieved by reducing the number of iterations during the decoding process. In this thesis, a new approach for faster convergence is suggested by choosing a systematic parity check matrix that yields lowest Second Smallest Eigenvalue Modulus (SSEM) of its corresponding Laplacian matrix. MATLAB simulations are used to study the impact of eigenvalues on the number of iterations of the LDPC decoder. It is found that for a given (n, k) LDPC code, a parity check matrix with lowest SSEM converges quickly as compared to the parity check matrix with high SSEM. In other words, a densely connected graph that represents the parity check matrix takes more iterations to converge than a sparsely connected graph.

Formation control is a classical problem and has been a prime topic of interest among the scientific community in the past few years. Although a vast amount of literature exists in this field, there are still many open questions that require an in-depth understanding and a new perspective. This thesis contributes towards exploring the wide dimensions of formation control and implementing a formation control scheme for a group of multi-agent systems. These systems are autonomous in nature and are represented by double integrated dynamics. It is assumed that the agents are connected in an undirected graph and use a leader-follower architecture to reach formation when the leading agent is given a velocity that is piecewise constant. A MATLAB code is written for the implementation of formation and the consensus-based control laws are verified. Understanding the effects on formation due to a fixed formation geometry is also observed and reported. Also, a link that describes the functional similarity between desired formation geometry and the Laplacian matrix has been observed. The use of Laplacian matrix in stability analysis of the formation is of special interest.

This thesis investigates the design and implementation of turbo codes over the GNU radio. The turbo codes is a class of iterative channel codes which demonstrates strong capability for error correction. A software defined radio (SDR) is a communication system which can implement different modulation schemes and tune to any frequency band by means of software that can control the programmable hardware. SDR utilizes the general purpose computer to perform certain signal processing techniques. We implement a turbo coding system using the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), a widely used SDR platform from Ettus. Detail configuration and performance comparison are also provided in this research.

Wireless sensor networks are an indispensable tool in this highly connected world. WSNs have been the focus of research efforts in areas of communication, electronics and control for many years. Advancements in the fields of MEMS, RF and digital circuit technology has led to the development of low cost and extremely power efficient smart sensors. This has led to the need of a fast, reliable and inexpensive method of consensus building for these sensor networks. Basic concepts of graph theory and consensus building are explained in this thesis. This thesis reviews the models and strategies for consensus building present in the literature. The shortcomings of these models are explained through examples and a leader-follower model based consensus building strategy is presented. Algorithm to convert any graph into a bipartite graph by edge removal and a strategy to select effective leaders based on a weighted combination of node centrality, ratio of leaders to the total number of nodes and presence of leaf nodes in the group is presented in this thesis. Proposed leader-follower model is compared against classic models for consensus building are compared and proven to be better. Mobility is studied using deterministic and random mobility models to show the …

In retrospect we can see that from the last century, wireless electronic technology has been in a rapid state of development. With the popularity of wireless communication, the power amplifier demand is rising. In general, magnitude, maximum noise figure, minimum noise figure, efficiency, and output power are important indicators of the amplifier. The IC industry is exploring how to reduce the additional cost and improve the high-frequency performance. Therefore, designing a strong adaptability and high cost performance of the PA has become a priority. As these technologies advance, the power amplifiers need to have better integration, lower cost, and lower power dissipation. Also, some special requirements are being asked in some areas, such as multi-mode and multi-band. In general, people have to use several power amplifiers parallel to frame a multifunction chip. Each of them working at different frequencies of interest has to have separate matching network, design, and area; also, the diversity amplifier prices will increase with the number of amplifiers, and its cost is also changed. In this thesis, because Class E power amplifier has lower power dissipation, 100% ideal efficiency, simple circuit structure, and strong applicability, the Class E is used as power amplifier in main stage. …

Channel diversity techniques are effective ways to combat channel fading and noise in communication systems. In this thesis, I compare the performance of source and channel diversity techniques on fading and symmetric continuous channels. My experiments suggest that when SNR is low, channel diversity performs better, and when SNR is high, source diversity shows better performance than channel diversity.

Security and privacy are of paramount importance in the modern information age. Secure multi-party computation and private information retrieval are canonical and representative problems in cryptography that capture the key challenges in understanding the fundamentals of security and privacy. In this dissertation, we use information theoretic tools to tackle these two classical cryptographic primitives. In the first part, we consider the secure multi-party computation problem, where multiple users, each holding an independent message, wish to compute a function on the messages without revealing any additional information. We present an efficient protocol in terms of randomness cost to securely compute a vector linear function. In the second part, we discuss the symmetric private information retrieval problem, where a user wishes to retrieve one message from a number of replicated databases while keeping the desired message index a secret from each individual database. Further, the user learns nothing about the other messages. We present an optimal protocol that achieves the minimum upload cost for symmetric private information retrieval, i.e., the queries sent from the user to the databases have the minimum number of bits.

In situations where information infrastructure is destroyed or not available, on-demand information infrastructure is pivotal for the success of rescue missions. In this paper, a drone-carried on demand information infrastructure for long-distance WiFi transmission system is developed. It can be used in the areas including emergency response, public event, and battlefield. The WiFi network can be connected to the Internet to extend WiFi access to areas where WiFi and other Internet infrastructures are not available. In order to establish a local area network to propagate WIFI service, directional antennas and wireless routers are used to create it. Due to unstable working condition on the flying drones, a precise heading turning stage is designed to maintain the two directional antennas facing to each other. Even if external interferences change the heading of the drones, the stages will automatically rotate back to where it should be to offset the bias. Also, to maintain the same flying altitude, a ground controller is designed to measure the height of the drones so that the directional antennas can communicate to each other successfully. To verify the design of the whole system, quite a few field experiments were performed. Experiments results indicates the design is reliable, …

Mobile wireless sensor networks are not widely implemented in the real world, even after years of research carried out in this field. One reason is the lack of understanding of the impact that mobility has on network performance. The simulation and emulation of mobile wireless sensor networks is necessary before they are deployed for the real-world applications. This thesis presents a simulation-based study of different mobility models. The total area coverage that depends on the pattern of node movements is observed through simulations. The spatial distribution of node locations is also studied. Various synthetic mobility models available are explored based on their theoretical descriptions. ‘BonnMotion' is used as the network simulator for investigating different mobility scenarios. The results obtained after simulations are imported to MATLAB and the analysis of node movements is done through various plots and inferences from the data. The comparison of mobility models is also discussed based on their spatial node distribution in the simulated scenarios.

The Chief Security Officer Problem (CSO) consists of a CSO, a group of agents trying to communicate with the CSO and a group of eavesdroppers trying to listen to the conversations between the CSO and its agents. Through Lemmas and Theorems, several Information Theoretic questions are answered.

In situations where information infrastructure is destroyed or not available, on-demand information infrastructure is pivotal for the success of rescue missions. In this paper, a drone-carried on-demand information infrastructure for long-distance WiFi transmission system is developed. It can be used in the areas including emergency response, public event, and battlefield. In years development, the Drone WIFI System has developed from single-CPU platform, twin-CPU platform, Atmega2560 platform to NVIDIA Jetson TX2 platform. By the upgrade of the platform, the hardware shows more and more reliable and higher performance which make the application of the platform more and more exciting. The latest TX2 platform can provide real time and thermal video transmission, also application of deep learning of object recognition and target tracing. All these up-to-date technology brings more application scenarios to the system. Therefore, the system can serve more people in more scenarios.

This dissertation is particularly focused on a novel approach of a wirelessly powered neuromodulation system for chronic patients. The inductively coupled transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) coils are designed through optimization to achieve maximum efficiency. A power management unit (PMU) consisting of a voltage rectifier, voltage regulator along with a stimulation circuitry is also designed to provide pulse stimulation to genetically modified neurons. For continuous health monitoring purposes, the response from the brain due to stimulation needs to be recorded and transmitted wirelessly outside the brain for analysis. A low-power high-data duty-cycled impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) transmitter is designed and implemented using the standard CMOS process. Another focus of this dissertation is the design of a reverse electrowetting-on-dielectric (REWOD) based energy harvesting circuit for wearable sensor applications which is capable of generating a very low-frequency signal from motion activity such a walking, running, jogging, etc. A commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) based and on-chip based energy harvesting circuit is designed for very low-frequency signals. The experimental results show promising progress towards the advancement in the wirelessly powered neuromodulation system and building the self-powered wearable sensor.

The new developments in coding theory research have revolutionized the application of coding to practical systems. Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes form a class of Shannon limit approaching codes opted for digital communication systems that require high reliability. This thesis investigates the underlying relationship between the spectral properties of the parity check matrix and LDPC decoding convergence. The bit error rate of an LDPC code is plotted for the parity check matrix that has different Second Smallest Eigenvalue Modulus (SSEM) of its corresponding Laplacian matrix. It is found that for a given (n,k) LDPC code, large SSEM has better error floor performance than low SSEM. The value of SSEM decreases as the sparseness in a parity-check matrix is increased. It was also found from the simulation that long LDPC codes have better error floor performance than short codes. This thesis outlines an approach to analyze LDPC decoding based on the eigenvalue analysis of the corresponding parity check matrix.

With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the demands for higher communication rates are increasing. Higher communication rate corresponds to higher DoF. Interference alignment, which is an emerging interference management technique, is able to substantially increase the DoF of wireless communication systems. This thesis mainly studies the delay-based interference alignment technique. The key problem lies in the design of the transmission scheme and the appropriate allocation of the propagation delay, so as to achieve the desired DoF of different wireless networks. In addition, through delay-based interference alignment, the achievability of extreme points of the DoF region of different wireless networks can be proved.

Secure multiparty computation refers to the problem where a number of users wish to securely compute a function on their inputs without revealing any unnecessary information. This dissertation focuses on the fundamental limits of secure summation under different constraints. We first focus on the minimal model of secure computation, in which two users each hold an input and wish to securely compute a function of their inputs at the server. We propose a novel scheme base on the algebraic structure of finite field and modulo ring of integers. Then we extend the minimal model of secure computation, in which K users wish to securely compute the sum of their inputs at the server. We prove a folklore result on the limits of communication cost and randomness cost. Then we characterized the optimal communication cost with user dropouts constraint, when some users may lose connection to the server and the server wishes to compute the sum of remaining inputs. Next, we characterize the optimal communication and randomness cost for symmetric groupwise keys and find the feasibility condition for arbitrary groupwise keys. Last, we study the secure summation with user selection, such that the server may select any subset of users to …

This research discusses how the design of a tornado forward error correcting channel code (FEC) sends digital data stream profiles to the receiver. The complete design was based on the Tornado channel code, binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation on a Gaussian channel (AWGN). The communication link was simulated by using Matlab, which shows the theoretical systems efficiency. Then the data stream was input as data to be simulated communication systems using Matlab. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the audience to a simulation technique that has been successfully used to determine how well a FEC expected to work when transferring digital data streams. The goal is to use this data to show how FEC optimizes a digital data stream to gain a better digital communications systems. The results conclude by making comparisons of different possible styles for the Tornado FEC code.

In this dissertation a computationally efficient cognitive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division duplexing (OFDM) detector is designed to decode perfect space-time coded signals which are able maximize the diversity and multiplexing properties of a rich fading MIMO channel. The adaptive nature of the cognitive detector allows a MIMO OFDM communication system to better meet to needs of future wireless communication networks which require both high reliability and low run-time complexity depending on the propagation environment. The cognitive detector in conjunction with perfect space-time coding is able to achieve up to a 2 dB bit-error rate (BER) improvement at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while also achieving comparable runtime complexity in high SNR scenarios.