The principal objective is to study the impact of the land reform program in Iran on rural-urban migration, primarily on landless peasants who consist of more than 2/3 of the rural population. The interrelationships between economic, political, and social factors are stressed.

During the Baroque Era (1600-1750) many motets were written for one solo voice, representing a major departure from the polyphonic motet settings which had been produced since before 1250. The study traces the development of the solo motet from it s first appearance in the Centro concerti ecclesiastici of Lodovico Grossi do Viadana in 1602 up to 1750, when the style began to deteriorate along with the Neapolitan opera style.

This study examines how Morton Schamberg encapsulated a significant understanding or European Modernism and created its translation into a unique American style of art known as Precisionism. After his formal studies in architecture and painting and his trips to Europe, he did reworkings of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism before creating important modernist works.

The problem addressed in this paper was the appropriateness of fiber, especially in the form of fabric, as an art medium. Relevant statements by crafts makers, philosophers, art critics, and artists were investigated along with historical and contemporary art and craft works.