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Stabilizing and Rebuilding Iraq: Coalition Support and International Donor Commitments (open access)

Stabilizing and Rebuilding Iraq: Coalition Support and International Donor Commitments

Testimony issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "In March 2003, a U.S.-led multinational force began operations in Iraq. At that time, 48 nations, identified as a "coalition of the willing," offered political, military, and financial support for U.S. efforts in Iraq, with 38 nations other than the United States providing troops. In addition, international donors met in Madrid in October 2003 to pledge funding for the reconstruction of Iraq's infrastructure, which had deteriorated after multiple wars and decades of neglect under the previous regime. This testimony discusses (1) the troop commitments other countries have made to operations in Iraq, (2) the funding the United States has provided to support other countries' participation in the multinational force, and (3) the financial support international donors have provided to Iraq reconstruction efforts. This testimony is based on GAO's prior work and data collected for this hearing. Although we reviewed both classified and unclassified documents, the information in this statement is based only on unclassified documents. We completed this work in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards."
Date: May 9, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
An Enhanced European Role in Iraq? (open access)

An Enhanced European Role in Iraq?

None
Date: October 9, 2003
Creator: Gallis, Paul
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Securing, Stabilizing, and Rebuilding Iraq: Key Issues for Congressional Oversight (open access)

Securing, Stabilizing, and Rebuilding Iraq: Key Issues for Congressional Oversight

Other written product issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "As the United States reviews its plans to secure, stabilize, and rebuild Iraq, GAO has enclosed a series of issue papers for Congressional consideration in developing its oversight agenda for the 110th Congress and analyzing the President's revised strategy for Iraq. These papers are based on the continuing work of the U.S. Government Accountability Office and the 67 Iraq-related reports and testimonies we have provided to the Congress since May 2003. Iraq has had three successful elections, adopted a constitution, and installed its first elected government. At the same time, since the initial ground offensive ended in 2003, the costs to secure and stabilize Iraq have grown substantially, as has the level of violence that afflicts Iraqi society. Such violence stems from an insurgency that has grown more complex and lethal over the past 3 and 1/2 years and the Sunni-Shi'a conflict, which escalated dramatically in 2006. This instability complicates meaningful political reconciliation among Iraq's religious and tribal groups, reduces the effectiveness of U.S. and Iraqi reconstruction and capacity-building efforts, and diminishes the hopes and expectations of an Iraqi people without adequate jobs, water, fuel, and …
Date: January 9, 2007
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Text
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Politics and Governance (open access)

Iraq: Politics and Governance

This report provides background and analysis on the politics of Iraq, including its communities, its governing personalities and factions, security forces and militias, and the government's human rights record.
Date: March 9, 2016
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth & Humud, Carla E.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security (open access)

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

Operation Iraqi Freedom overthrew Saddam Hussein’s regime, but Iraq remains unstable because of Sunni Arab resentment and a related insurgency, compounded by Sunni-Shiite violence that a January 2007 national intelligence estimate says has key elements of a “civil war.” Mounting U.S. casualties and financial costs — without clear signs of security progress — have intensified a debate within the United States over whether to wind down U.S. involvement without completely accomplishing initial U.S. goals.
Date: February 9, 2007
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security (open access)

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

This report discusses the current political and social climate of Iraq, specifically in regards to the influence of the U.S. military presence over recent years. This report addresses planned and possible future efforts under the Obama Administration, including the scheduled gradual troops withdrawal. This report also discusses the continued tensions between various Iraqi sociocultural groups.
Date: May 9, 2008
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights (open access)

Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights

This Congressional Research Report for Congress details elections, political transitions, government disputes and general human rights issues pertaining to Iraq.
Date: November 9, 2012
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights (open access)

Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights

This Congressional Research Report for Congress describes political transitions, first elections, political infighting, and related governance issues pertaining to Iraq.
Date: August 9, 2011
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Elections, Government, and Constitution (open access)

Iraq: Elections, Government, and Constitution

None
Date: August 9, 2006
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Military Operations (open access)

Iraq: U.S. Military Operations

The major challenges to coalition forces are now quelling a persistent Iraqi resistance movement and training sufficient Iraqi forces to assume responsibility for the nations domestic security. This report discusses military planning and operations in Iraq.
Date: May 9, 2006
Creator: Bowman, Steven
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Military Operations (open access)

Iraq: U.S. Military Operations

This report discusses US military operations in Iraq. Iraq's chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons programs, together with Iraqi long-range missile development and support for al-Queda terrorism, were the primary justifications put forward for military action.
Date: March 9, 2004
Creator: Bowman, Steve
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Military Operations (open access)

Iraq: U.S. Military Operations

None
Date: March 9, 2005
Creator: Bowman, Steven R.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: Paris Club Debt Relief (open access)

Iraq: Paris Club Debt Relief

None
Date: March 9, 2004
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Cost of Operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Enhanced Security (open access)

The Cost of Operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Enhanced Security

This CRS report estimates that the Department of Defense (DOD) has received over $201 billion for combat operations, occupation, and support for military personnel deployed or supporting operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and for enhanced security at military installations, collectively called the “global war on terrorism.”
Date: February 9, 2005
Creator: Belasco, Amy
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance (open access)

Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-Saddam Governance

Operation Iraqi Freedom succeeded in overthrowing Saddam Hussein, but Iraq remains violent and unstable because of Sunni Arab resentment and a related insurgency, as well as increasing sectarian violence. According to its November 30, 2005, “Strategy for Victory,” the Bush Administration indicates that U.S. forces will remain in Iraq until the country is able to provide for its own security and does not serve as a host for radical Islamic terrorists. This report discusses the background of the issue and examines several security challenges, response, and other policy options for the U.S.
Date: February 9, 2006
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-War Governance (open access)

Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-War Governance

None
Date: September 9, 2003
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-War Governance (open access)

Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-War Governance

None
Date: May 9, 2003
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
European Views and Policies Toward the Middle East (open access)

European Views and Policies Toward the Middle East

Managing policy differences on a range of issues emanating from the Middle East poses serious challenges for the United States and its European allies and friends. The most vitriolic dispute has centered on the conflict in Iraq. However, divisions over how best to approach the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, manage Iran and Syria, and combat terrorism also persist. How deep and lasting the clash over Iraq and subsequent Middle East policies will be to transatlantic relations will likely depend on several factors, including whether Washington and European capitals can cooperate more robustly to rebuild Iraq; whether Europeans perceive a renewed U.S. commitment to revive the Middle East peace process; and whether differences over Mideast issues spill over into NATO or impede EU efforts to forge a deeper Union.
Date: March 9, 2005
Creator: Archick, Kristin
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests (open access)

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests

The United States recognized the independence of all the former Soviet republics by the end of 1991, including the South Caucasus states of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The United States has fostered these states' ties with the West in part to end the dependence of these states on Russia for trade, security, and other relations. The FREEDOM Support Act of 1992 provides authorization for assistance to the Eurasian states for humanitarian needs, democratization, and other purposes. In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, the Administration appealed for a national security waiver of the prohibition on aid to Azerbaijan, in consideration of Azerbaijan's assistance to the international coalition to combat terrorism. Azerbaijani and Georgian troops participate in stabilization efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq, and Armenian personnel serve in Iraq.
Date: May 9, 2006
Creator: Nichol, Jim
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy (open access)

Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy

This report discusses governmental changes and political reform in Kuwait, which has been pivotal to nearly two decades of U.S. involvement in Iraq. This report also discusses relations between Kuwait and the U.S.
Date: December 9, 2009
Creator: Katzman, Kenneth
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response (open access)

Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response

This report discusses the ongoing conflict in Syria and provides an overview of U.S. Policy responses. The rise of the insurgent terrorist group known as the Islamic State (IS, aka the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant or ISIL/ISIS) and Russia's military intervention on behalf of the Syrian government have reshaped debates over U.S. policy toward the ongoing civil conflict in Syria, now in its fifth year.
Date: October 9, 2015
Creator: Blanchard, Christopher M.; Humud, Carla E. & Nikitin, Mary Beth D.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Foreign Police Assistance: Defined Roles and Improved Information Sharing Could Enhance Interagency Collaboration (open access)

Foreign Police Assistance: Defined Roles and Improved Information Sharing Could Enhance Interagency Collaboration

A letter report issued by the Government Accountability Office with an abstract that begins "The United States provided an estimated $13.9 billion for foreign police assistance during fiscal years 2009 through 2011. Funds provided by U.S. agencies rose and then fell between fiscal years 2009 and 2011. During fiscal years 2009 through 2011, the United States provided the greatest amount of its foreign police assistance to Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Colombia, Mexico, and the Palestinian Territories. Department of Defense (DOD) and State (State) funds constituted about 97 percent of U.S. funds for police assistance in fiscal year 2009 and 98 percent in fiscal years 2010 and 2011."
Date: May 9, 2012
Creator: United States. Government Accountability Office.
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy (open access)

Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy

This report provides an overview of the U.S. foreign aid program, by answering frequently asked questions on the subject.
Date: April 9, 2009
Creator: Tarnoff, Curt & Lawson, Marian Leonardo
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Defense Base Act (DBA): The Federally Mandated Workers' Compensation System for Overseas Government Contractors (open access)

The Defense Base Act (DBA): The Federally Mandated Workers' Compensation System for Overseas Government Contractors

This report provides an overview of the Defense Base Act (DBA) and the systems used to provide DBA insurance at the Department of State (DOS), the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Department of Defense (DOD), and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Also included are criticisms of the current DOD DBA policy raised by GAO and Army auditors as well as responses to those criticisms by DOD and USACE. The report concludes with a discussion of several DBA reform options suggested by the House of Representatives in recent legislation and analyzed by DOD.
Date: April 9, 2010
Creator: Grasso, Valerie Bailey; Webel, Baird & Szymendera, Scott
Object Type: Report
System: The UNT Digital Library