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Vapor space characterization of waste Tank 241-BY-104 (in situ): Results from samples collected on 4/22/94
This report describes inorganic and organic analyses results from in situ samples obtained from the space of the Hanford waste storage Tank 241-BY-104 (referred to as Tank BY-104). The results described here were obtained to support safety and toxicological evaluations. A summary of the results for inorganic and organic analytes is listed in Table 1. Detailed descriptions of the results appear in the text. Quantitative results were obtained for the inorganic compounds NH{sub 3}, NO{sub 2}, NO, HCN, and H{sub 2}O. Sampling for sulfur oxides was not requested. Several organic compounds were also quantitatively determined. Eighty-nine tentatively identified organic analytes were observed above the detection limit of (ca.) 10 ppbv, but standards for most of these were not available at the time of analysis, and the reported concentrations are semi-quantitative estimates. In addition, the 41 standard TO 14 analytes were sought. Of these, only a few were observed above the 2-ppbv detection limit. The 10 organic analytes with the highest estimated concentrations are listed in Table 1. These 10 analytes account for approximately 48% of the total organic components in the headspace of Tank BY-104. Detailed results appear in the text. Tank BY-104 is on the Ferrocyanide Watch List.
Date:
October 1, 1995
Creator:
Pool, K. H.; Ligotke, M. W.; Clauss, T. W.; Lucke, R. B.; McVeety, B. D.; Sharma, A. K. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Briefing book on the energy situation in New England
This briefing book is designed to give a concise overview of the facts of the energy situation in New England and of attitudes within the region towards current energy issues. Many of the central problems of U.S. energy policy are manifested in the region in a magnified form. The region entered the period of energy shortages and increasing prices in an economically declining condition. Energy prices were already high in 1970, 30% higher than the rest of the country; the difference increased to 38% by 1974. With essentially no indigenous energy resources, New England is an energy-importing region. For various reasons it is also more dependent on petroleum than other regions of the country and, at the same time, distant from domestic petroleum-producing regions. The result is that over 60% of the fuels it consumes is imported from abroad. Although the future supply of energy to the region is critically dependent on energy-resource policies, policies related for example to coal and oil shale development, the region's concerns cluster around policies and technologies that are perceived to have a more direct impact on its energy welfare. Thus, energy conservation, solar energy, nuclear power, offshore oil development and, in general, the price …
Date:
October 1, 1976
Creator:
Brainard, J P; Munson, J S & Palmedo, P F
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inertial confinement fusion reaction chamber and power conversion system study. Final report
This report summarizes the results of the second year of a two-year study on the design and evaluation of the Cascade concept as a commercial inertial confinement fusion (ICF) reactor. We developed a reactor design based on the Cascade reaction chamber concept that would be competitive in terms of both capital and operating costs, safe and environmentally acceptable in terms of hazard to the public, occupational exposure and radioactive waste production, and highly efficient. The Cascade reaction chamber is a double-cone-shaped rotating drum. The granulated solid blanket materials inside the rotating chamber are held against the walls by centrifugal force. The fusion energy is captured in a blanket of solid carbon, BeO, and LiAlO/sub 2/ granules. These granules are circulated to the primary side of a ceramic heat exchanger. Primary-side granule temperatures range from 1285 K at the LiAlO/sub 2/ granule heat exchanger outlet to 1600 K at the carbon granule heat exchanger inlet. The secondary side consists of a closed-cycle gas turbine power conversion system with helium working fluid, operating at 1300 K peak outlet temperature and achieving a thermal power conversion efficiency of 55%. The net plant efficiency is 49%. The reference design is a plant producing 1500 …
Date:
October 1, 1985
Creator:
Maya, I.; Schultz, K.R.; Bourque, R.F.; Cheng, E.T.; Creedon, R.L.; Norman, J.H. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Waste Tank Vapor Program: Vapor space characterization of waste tank 241-T-111. Results from samples collected on January 20, 1995
This document presents the details of the inorganic and organic analysis that was performed on samples from the headspace of Hanford waste tank 241-T-111. The results described were obtained to support the safety and toxicological evaluations. A summary of the results for the inorganic and organic analytes is included, as well as, a detailed description of the results which appears in the text.
Date:
October 1995
Creator:
Klinger, G. S.; Clauss, T. W.; Ligotke, M. W.; Pool, K. H.; McVeety, B. D.; Olsen, K. B. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Distributed Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas: Independent Review
Independent review report on the available information concerning the technologies needed for forecourts producing 150 kg/day of hydrogen from natural gas.
Date:
October 1, 2006
Creator:
Fletcher, J. & Callaghan, V.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Physics Division progress report, January 1, 1984-September 30, 1986
This report provides brief accounts of significant progress in development activities and research results achieved by Physics Division personnel during the period January 1, 1984, through September 31, 1986. These efforts are representative of the three main areas of experimental research and development in which the Physics Division serves Los Alamos National Laboratory's and the Nation's needs in defense and basic sciences: (1) defense physics, including the development of diagnostic methods for weapons tests, weapon-related high-energy-density physics, and programs supporting the Strategic Defense Initiative; (2) laser physics and applications, especially to high-density plasmas; and (3) fundamental research in nuclear and particle physics, condensed-matter physics, and biophysics. Throughout the report, emphasis is placed on the design, construction, and application of a variety of advanced, often unique, instruments and instrument systems that maintain the Division's position at the leading edge of research and development in the specific fields germane to its mission. A sampling of experimental systems of particular interest would include the relativistic electron-beam accelerator and its applications to high-energy-density plasmas; pulsed-power facilities; directed energy weapon devices such as free-electron lasers and neutral-particle-beam accelerators; high-intensity ultraviolet and x-ray beam lines at the National Synchrotron Light Source (at Brookhaven National Laboratory); the …
Date:
October 1, 1987
Creator:
Keller, W.E. (comp.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Preliminary ''steam tables'' for NaCl solutions. Thermodynamic properties of the coexisting phases and thermochemical properties of the NaCl component
Preliminary ''steam tables'', which give the thermodynamic data for the coexisting liquid and gas and the thermochemical data for the NaCl component in the liquid for the system H{sub 2}O-NaCl, are given for liquid concentrations between 0 mol NaCl/kg H{sub 2}O and halite saturation at temperatures between 80[sup 0} and 325{sup 0}C. The tables were calculated from parametric equations of state.
Date:
October 1, 1975
Creator:
Haas, J. L. Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Performance and Market Evaluation of the Bladeless Turbine
The three-inch diameter prototype bladeless turbine was tested with air over a range of inlet pressures from 20 to 100 psia and speeds of 10, 20, 30 and 40 thousand rpm. The peak efficiency of 22.5 percent was recorded at a pressure of 98 psia and a speed of 40,000 rpm. Efficiency increased slightly with speed and inlet pressure over the range of test conditions. The test program was somewhat hindered by mechanical failures. The turbine bearings in particular were unreliable, with two instances of outright failure and numerous cases of erratic performance. A model of the bladeless turbine was developed to aid in interpreting the experimental results. A macroscopic approach, incorporating several favorable assumptions, was taken to place a reasonable upper bound on turbine efficiency. The model analytically examines the flow through the air inlet nozzles and the interaction between the fluid jet and the turbine blades. The analysis indicates that the maximum possible efficiency of a tangential flow turbine with straight axial blades is 50 percent. This is a direct consequence of turning the fluid only 90 degrees relative to the turbine blade. The adoption of the bladeless turbine as the expander in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) …
Date:
October 1, 1982
Creator:
Garrett-Price, B. A.; Barnhart, J. S. & Eschbach, E. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Programs for Attracting Under-Represented Minority Students to Graduate School and Research Careers in Computational Science. Final Report for Period October 1, 1995--September 30, 1997
None
Date:
October 1, 1997
Creator:
Turner, J.C. Jr.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Oriented inorganic thin film channel structures with uni-directional monosize micropores
The goal of this project was to develop a novel technology that may be used to eventually manufacture a new generation of inorganic membranes and sensors with oriented, unidirectional monosized pores. The premise is that very thin membranes with oriented channels as pores will have a high flux in addition to being highly selective. Applications include: (1) gas separation membranes for oxygen enrichment, partial oxidation, dehydrogenation, and purification of natural gas; (2) refractory catalytic membrane reactors; and (3) molecular recognition sensors. The methodology for making such membranes was to combine Langmuir - Blodgett (LB) technology with sol-gel chemistry to engineer pore channels within the range 3 to 20 K The channel structure was fabricated of amorphous SiO{sub 2} because of its good thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability. Our approach was to use LB techniques to uniformly place organic molecular spacers throughout a thin silica precursor matrix and apply this film to a substrate. LB films of solid solutions of commercially available silane amphiphiles and organic amphiphiles were fabricated. The siloxane groups were then hydrolyzed to form silica and the organic portions of the amphiphiles removed by thermal decomposition. With the completely fugitive organic spacer amphiphiles removed, a thin silica film …
Date:
October 1, 1997
Creator:
Cesarano, J., III; Sasaki, D. Y.; Singh, S. & Brinker, C. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Primary system boron dilution analysis
The results are presented for an analysis conducted to determine the potential paths through which nonborated water or water with insufficient boron concentration might enter the LOFT primary coolant piping system or reactor vessel to cause dilution of the borated primary coolant water. No attempt was made in the course of this analysis to identify possible design modifications nor to suggest changes in administrative procedures or controls.
Date:
October 10, 1978
Creator:
Crump, R. J.; Naretto, C. J.; Borgen, R. A. & Rockhold, H. C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Migration error in transversely isotropic media with linear velocity variation in depth
Given the sensitivity of imaging accuracy to the velocity used in migration, migration founded (as in practice) on the erroneous assumption that a medium is isotropic can be expected to be inaccurate for steep reflectors. Here, we estimate errors in interpreted reflection time and lateral position as a function of reflector dip for transversely isotropic models in which the axis of symmetry is vertical and the medium velocity varies linearly with depth. We limit consideration to media in which ratios of the various elastic moduli are independent of depth. Tests with reflector dips up to 120 degrees on a variety of anisotropic media show errors that axe tens of wavelengths for dips beyond 90 degrees when the medium (unrealistically) is homogeneous. For a given anisotropy, the errors are smaller for inhomogeneous media; the larger the velocity gradient, the smaller the errors. For gradients that are representative of the subsurface, lateral-position errors tend to be minor for dips less than about 60 degrees, growing to two to five wavelengths as dip passes beyond 90 degrees. These errors depend on reflector depth and average velocity to the reflector only through their ratio, i.e., migrated reflection time. Migration error, which is found to …
Date:
October 1992
Creator:
Larner, K. & Cohen, J. K.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of the impact of the regulation of toxic substances on Sandia
In recent years, Congress has passed two regulatory acts, namely the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) which seek to control the manufacture, use, and disposal of hazardous chemical substances. These acts can have a significant impact on Sandia's missions and will particularly affect those organizations involved in materials development and selection. The primary purpose of this report is to describe in some detail the impact of these acts on Sandia's corporate goals and make recommendations on what our response should be. Also described in this report is the present position of Sandia with respect to these regulatory acts and the policies and actions that Sandia has taken to date in an effort to minimize their impact.
Date:
October 1980
Creator:
Arnold, C., Jr. & Pigg, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Variability and scaling of hydraulic properties for 200 Area soils, Hanford Site
Over the years, data have been obtained on soil hydraulic properties at the Hanford Site. Much of these data have been obtained as part of recent site characterization activities for the Environmental Restoration Program. The existing data on vadose zone soil properties are, however, fragmented and documented in reports that have not been formally reviewed and released. This study helps to identify, compile, and interpret all available data for the principal soil types in the 200 Areas plateau. Information on particle-size distribution, moisture retention, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (K{sub s}) is available for 183 samples from 12 sites in the 200 Areas. Data on moisture retention and K{sub s} are corrected for gravel content. After the data are corrected and cataloged, hydraulic parameters are determined by fitting the van Genuchten soil-moisture retention model to the data. A nonlinear parameter estimation code, RETC, is used. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity relationship can subsequently be predicted using the van Genuchten parameters, Mualem`s model, and laboratory-measured saturated hydraulic conductivity estimates. Alternatively, provided unsaturated conductivity measurements are available, the moisture retention curve-fitting parameters, Mualem`s model, and a single unsaturated conductivity measurement can be used to predict unsaturated conductivities for the desired range of field moisture …
Date:
October 1, 1995
Creator:
Khaleel, R. & Freeman, E. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Research on the physical properties of geothermal reservoir rocks. Final report
Variation of P-wave velocities and electrical resistivities of several suites of water-saturated recent volcanics was investigated. Both P-velocities and resistivities exhibited strong dependence on porosity. Resistivity was also dependent upon degree of water saturation and temperature. P-wave velocities, while showing a strong dependence on porosity, appear to be independent of water saturation and temperature. Volcanics, in general, exhibit higher resistivities compared to other igneous rocks and sediments. Electric resistivity of fine-grained basalts is anomalously low, probably due to higher content of disseminated iron. Pyroclastics and volcanic breccia, on the other hand, exhibit higher resistivities in relation to fine-grained basalts.
Date:
October 1982
Creator:
Keller, G.V. & Ibrahim, A.W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Hanford Tanks 241-C-203 and 241-C-204: Residual Waste Contaminant Release Model and Supporting Data
This report describes the development of release models for key contaminants that are present in residual sludge remaining after closure of Hanford Tanks 241-C-203 (C-203) and 241-C-204 (C-204). The release models were developed from data generated by laboratory characterization and testing of samples from these two tanks. Key results from this work are (1) future releases from the tanks of the primary contaminants of concern (99Tc and 238U) can be represented by relatively simple solubility relationships between infiltrating water and solid phases containing the contaminants; and (2) high percentages of technetium-99 in the sludges (20 wt% in C-203 and 75 wt% in C-204) are not readily water leachable, and, in fact, are very recalcitrant. This is similar to results found in related studies of sludges from Tank AY-102. These release models are being developed to support the tank closure risk assessments performed by CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy.
Date:
October 28, 2004
Creator:
Deutsch, William J.; Krupka, Kenneth M.; Lindberg, Michael J.; Cantrell, Kirk J.; Brown, Christopher F. & Schaef, Herbert T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Sludge mobilization with submerged nozzles in horizontal cylindrical tanks
The Melton Valley Storage Tanks (MVSTs) and the evaporator service tanks at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are used for the collection and storage of liquid low-level waste (LLLW). Wastes collected in these tanks are typically acidic when generated and are neutralized with sodium hydroxide to protect the tanks from corrosion; however, the high pH of the solution causes the formation of insoluble compounds that precipitate. These precipitates formed a sludge layer approximately 0.6 to 1.2 m (2 to 4 ft) deep in the bottom of the tanks. The sludge in the MVSTs and the evaporator service tanks will eventually need to be removed from the tanks and treated for final disposal or transferred to another storage facility. The primary options for removing the sludge include single-point sluicing, use of a floating pump, robotic sluicing, and submerged-nozzle sluicing. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the feasibility of submerged-nozzle sluicing in horizontal cylindrical tanks and (2) obtain experimental data to validate the TEMPEST (time-dependent, energy, momentun, pressure, equation solution in three dimensions) computer code.
Date:
October 1995
Creator:
Hylton, T. D.; Cummins, R. L.; Youngblood, E. L. & Perona, J. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Excavation and drilling at a spent-fuel test facility in granitic rock
Funding for a project to test the feasibility of safe and reliable storage and retrieval of spent fuel from a commercial nuclear reactor was approved by the Department of Energy on June 2, 1978. By May 28, 1980, 11 spent-fuel assemblies had been emplaced 420 m below the surface in the Climax granitic stock at the Nevada Test Site. Design and construction of the Spent Fuel Test-Climax, including fuel emplacement, had taken less than two years, at a total cost of $18.4 million. Construction activities were preceded by geologic exploration using four cored holes and existing underground workings. The sinking of a 0.76-m-diam shaft to the 420-m level initiated construction at the site. Effective rates of sinking varied from 0.16 m/h with a rotary tricone drill to 0.5 m/h with a hammer drill. Underground excavation included a central canister-storage drift 4.6 x 6.1 x 64 m long, two parallel 3.4 x 3.4-m heater drifts, and a tail drift. About 6700 m{sup 3} were excavated at an average rate of 2 m{sup 3}/h, and 178 cored holes, with diameters from 38 to 152 mm, were drilled. A total length of nearly 1100 m was drilled at rates ranging from 0.4 m/h …
Date:
October 1, 1981
Creator:
Patrick, W.C. & Mayr, M.C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
European empirical methods applied to subsidence in U. S. coal fields
The empirical methods commonly used in Europe to describe the shape of subsidence troughs are tested against the field data of the York Canyon Mine in Northern New Mexico. This mine is in a flat lying seam under rugged terrain. The subsidence data consists of time-correlated measurements of surface displacements above two longwall panels. While the profile fits from the graphical methods (United Kingdom) do not agree with the measured profiles, the profile functions of the error integral type used in Continental Europe fit the data well. The profile function analysis of the development curves also suggests a time-dependent response of the overburden. These results, except for the specific profile function used, are similar to those found previously for longwall subsidence at the Old Ben No. 24 Mine. Parameter values of the fit, i.e., the effective half range of the function and inflection point offset, were determined for all profiles. These parameters for the development curves and traveling profiles, which fundamentally result from the same raw data, exhibit markedly different apparent ''scatter.'' The rather narrow range of values for the development curves suggest that individual points subside in a well-behaved manner; and hence, the large variation in parameter values for …
Date:
October 1, 1980
Creator:
Munson, D. E. & Eichfeld, W. F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant biological monitoring and abatement program for East Fork Poplar Creek
In May 1985, a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit was issued for the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, a nuclear weapons components production facility located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and operated by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., for the US Department of Energy. As a condition of the permit, a Biological Monitoring and Abatement Program (BMAP) was developed to demonstrate that the effluent limitations established for the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant protect the classified uses of the receiving stream (East Fork Poplar Creek), in particular, the growth and propagation of fish and aquatic life, as designated by the Tennessee Department of Health and Environment. A second purpose for the BMAP is to document the ecological effects resulting from implementation of a water pollution control program that will include construction of nine new wastewater treatment facilities over the next 4 years. Because of the complex nature of the effluent discharged to East Fork Poplar Creek and the temporal and spatial variability in the composition of the effluent (i.e., temporal variability related to various pollution abatement measures that will be implemented over the next several years and spatial variability caused by pollutant inputs downstream of the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant), a comprehensive, …
Date:
October 1, 1989
Creator:
Loar, J. M.; Adams, S. M.; Allison, L. J.; Giddings, J. M.; McCarthy, J. F.; Southworth, G. R. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geothermal resource potential of the Socorro Area, New Mexico
This report provides a regional synthesis of geology, geochemistry, hydrology and geophysical data for the Socorro, New Mexico, area. It is based principally on extensive drill-hole data supplied by, and proprietary to, Gulf Mineral Resources Company and Sunoco Energy Development Co. These temperature-gradient and heat-flow data are integrated with older gradient and heat-flow data, groundwater chemistry, studies of local seismicity, regional and local geologic mapping, and other data. This synthesis yields a revised estimate of the geothermal energy potential for the Socorro area. it should be recalled that attention has been focused on Socorro and vicinity because of reported high heat flow and probable magmatic bodies within the shallow crust. Some 20 man-days of effort have gone into this study, exclusive of time spent earlier in logging temperature gradients and studying drill-hole cuttings.
Date:
October 1, 1979
Creator:
Petersen, C.A. & Koenig, J.B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An introductory guide to uncertainty analysis in environmental and health risk assessment
To compensate for the potential for overly conservative estimates of risk using standard US Environmental Protection Agency methods, an uncertainty analysis should be performed as an integral part of each risk assessment. Uncertainty analyses allow one to obtain quantitative results in the form of confidence intervals that will aid in decision making and will provide guidance for the acquisition of additional data. To perform an uncertainty analysis, one must frequently rely on subjective judgment in the absence of data to estimate the range and a probability distribution describing the extent of uncertainty about a true but unknown value for each parameter of interest. This information is formulated from professional judgment based on an extensive review of literature, analysis of the data, and interviews with experts. Various analytical and numerical techniques are available to allow statistical propagation of the uncertainty in the model parameters to a statement of uncertainty in the risk to a potentially exposed individual. Although analytical methods may be straightforward for relatively simple models, they rapidly become complicated for more involved risk assessments. Because of the tedious efforts required to mathematically derive analytical approaches to propagate uncertainty in complicated risk assessments, numerical methods such as Monte Carlo simulation …
Date:
October 1, 1992
Creator:
Hoffman, F. O. & Hammonds, J. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
An introductory guide to uncertainty analysis in environmental and health risk assessment. Environmental Restoration Program
To compensate for the potential for overly conservative estimates of risk using standard US Environmental Protection Agency methods, an uncertainty analysis should be performed as an integral part of each risk assessment. Uncertainty analyses allow one to obtain quantitative results in the form of confidence intervals that will aid in decision making and will provide guidance for the acquisition of additional data. To perform an uncertainty analysis, one must frequently rely on subjective judgment in the absence of data to estimate the range and a probability distribution describing the extent of uncertainty about a true but unknown value for each parameter of interest. This information is formulated from professional judgment based on an extensive review of literature, analysis of the data, and interviews with experts. Various analytical and numerical techniques are available to allow statistical propagation of the uncertainty in the model parameters to a statement of uncertainty in the risk to a potentially exposed individual. Although analytical methods may be straightforward for relatively simple models, they rapidly become complicated for more involved risk assessments. Because of the tedious efforts required to mathematically derive analytical approaches to propagate uncertainty in complicated risk assessments, numerical methods such as Monte Carlo simulation …
Date:
October 1, 1992
Creator:
Hoffman, F. O. & Hammonds, J. S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Nitrogen accumulation profiles of selected grain and vegetable crops: A bibliography (1940-1992)
A bibliography of nitrogen accumulation profile data for 25 vegetable and grain crops reported between 1940 and 1992 is presented. The selected crops are asparagus, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, celery, corn, cotton, cucumber, field bean, field pea, garlic, lettuce, onions, and peppers.
Date:
October 1, 1994
Creator:
Meischen, S. J. & Byrd, K. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library