Single rovibrational states of HCl(v=2), HBr(v=2), DCl(v=2), and CO(v=2) were excited with a pulsed optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Total vibrational relaxation rates near - resonance quenchers were measured at 295/sup 0/K using time resolved infrared fluorescence. These rates are attributed primarily to V - V energy transfer, and they generally conform to a simple energy gap law. A small deviation was found for the CO(v) + DCl(v') relaxation rates. Upper limits for the self relaxation by V - R,T of HCl(v=2) and HBr(v=2) and for the two quantum exchange between HCl and HBr were determined. The HF dimer was detected at 295/sup 0/K and 30 torr HF pressure with an optoacoustic spectrometer using the OPO. Pulsed and chopped, resonant and non-resonant spectrophones are analyzed in detail. From experiments and first order perturbation theory, these V - V exchange rates appear to behave as a first order perturbation in the vibrational coordinates. The rotational dynamics are known to be complicated however, and the coupled rotational - vibrational dynamics were investigated theoreticaly in infinite order by the Dillon and Stephenson and the first Magnus approximations. Large ..delta..J transitions appear to be important, but these calculations differ by orders of magnitude on specific …

A stress analysis has been completed for the LOFT piping nozzles penetrating through the containment vessel in accordance with the 1965 edition of Section III of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. LOFT Specification S-1 states that the 1965 edition, including the addenda through the summer 1966 issue, be used. Stresses in the containment wall and in the nozzles result from mechanical and thermal loads on the piping that penetrate the nozzles. The mechanical loads were compiled in LTR 1217-7 and the temperature gradients were provided by the Thermal Analysis Branch. This analysis indicates that the nozzles and the containment wall are adequate to sustain the given mechanical and thermal loads. Therefore, it is recommended that paragraph number S1-04, section M of LOFT specification S-1 be revised to list the nozzle loads presented in Table 3, page A-3a. 9 refs.

Information is presented concerning basic wind turbine energy conversion; wind behavior and site selection; power and energy requirements; the components of a wind energy conversion system; selecting a wind energy conversion system and system economics; and legal aspects.

Stress-strain data which describes the influence of strain rate and temperature on the mechanical response of materials presently being used for light water reactor fuel shipping containers have been assembled. Selection of data has been limited to that which is suitable for use in finite-element elastic--plastic analysis of shipping containers (e.g., they must include complete material history profiles). Based on this information, recommendations have been made for further work which is required to complete the necessary data base.

The performance of a modified duoPIGatron ion source for PLT neutral beam injectors is described. The 22-cm source has been operated to deliver beams of 70 A, up to 45 keV, and 0.5 sec. Following a brief review of source operation, the dominant reactions leading to an enhanced atomic ion fraction in the source plasma are emphasized. In addition to the high atomic ion species yield (about 85%), other important characteristics of the source such as high arc efficiency (about 1.1 A ion beam current per kW of arc power), long filament lifetime, high reliability, and scalability are also described.

This report presents a computer algorithm for determining the degree of heterogeneity among the layers of a reservoir. The algorithm uses the equations developed by Brigham and Smith that predict the behavior of a tracer slug flowing in a five-spot injection pattern. To illustrate the use and potential problems in the application of this algorithm, examples are presented using five sets of simulated field test data. One example using actual field data is also presented.

The domain and surface structures of metallic sodium tungsten bronzes, NaxWO₃, 0.4 < x < 1, were studied using optical microscopy, supplemented by chemical methods, photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, etc. The birefringent, multidomain structure of the bronze is exhibited by a sodium-deficient, epitaxial surface film and hence is not, as reported elsewhere, a bulk property. The film can be synthesized by anodic electrolysis in alkaline solution and can exist only epitaxially with the substrate. It is chemically inert, translucent, and often laminated to a multilayered film. The film domain is hypersensitive to lateral stress and to thermal change, and appears to be modulated by minute structural changes of the substrate. This epitaxial modulation of the film is strikingly large at the phase transitions of the substrate induced by slightly different tiltings of the oxygen octahedra. The domain-wall movement is often slow enough to be visible, and that by thermal effect is occasionally accompanied by an audible, high-pitched, snapping sound.

To investigate the characteristics of the vadose zone with respect to radioactive waste disposal, the mechanics of unsaturated flow in arid regions and the geohydrology of four areas with a deep water table were studied. The studies indicated that (1) arid sites with a water table deeper than 200 m can be found in at least three distinct geologic settings in the western United States, (2) the physics of unsaturated flow in soils and rock with interstitial porosity at low water contents, particularly under thermal gradients, is not yet completely understood, and (3) under certain conditions unsaturated flow can be so slow that analytic modeling of an unflawed repository is unnecessary to prove effective containment.

The available literature is reviewed concerning corrosion-resistant lining of large ferritic steel vessels and piping, applicable to coal gasification and liquefaction systems. Potential ferritic steel pressure vessel and piping materials are discussed along with potential stainless steel and nickel-base cladding materials. The various lining techniques currently used in the United States and abroad are also reviewed, with advantages and disadvantages of each. Materials problems with the various techniques are described. Several methods are available to produce ferritic steel components lined with corrosion-resistant layers. For low-temperature-low-thermal cycling applications, applied linings may be a good choice. However, for more critical applications, integral cladding is generally preferred. Integral cladding may be performed by a variety of methods, including solid state cladding, braze-bond cladding, and weld overlay (fusion) cladding. The lining process should be chosen after careful consideration of base metals and cladding metals desired and of the service requirements for the lined component.

This research examines the basis of current hospital HVAC standards and determines if they can be relaxed on criteria that do not compromise the health, safety, and comfort of patients and staff and has acceptance of the health care community. Chapter 2 summarizes existing standards in use throughout the United States governing hospital ventilation systems and the thermal environment. Chapter 3 explores the role of air in hospital-acquired infections. Chapter 4 explores the realm of indoor air quality within the hospital. Chapter 5 contains a discussion concerning the influence of thermal factors on patient comfort. Chapter 6 discusses the hospital odor problem with regards to ventilation rates. The final chapter includes conclusions and recommendations developed from the literature review and from a small working conference sponsored by the University of Minnesota School of Public Health.

The basalt stratigraphy and structure of a 175-square kilometer area (the Nine Canyon Map Area) along the southern margin of the Pasco Basin have been studied to help assess the feasibility of a nuclear waste terminal storage facility. Detailed mapping shows that uplift of the Horse Heaven Hills began prior to extrusion of the Priest Rapids Member of the Wanapum Basalt, Columbia River Basalt Group. Both the Pomoma and the Elephant Mountain members (Saddle Mountains Basalt, Columbia River Basalt Group) are wide-spread throughout the basin, but thin considerably along the Horse Heaven Hills in the vicinity of Wallula Gap. The Ice Harbor Member is present only along the northern margin of the map area and possibly occupies a paleo-channel. The Rattlesnake Hills-Wallula Gap Lineament trends north 60 degrees west and intersects the older Horse Heaven Hills anticline in Wallula Gap. Four faults of short length and small vertical displacement are located along this structure. Within the map area, the intensity of folding increases, and the style of faulting changes from normal to reverse with proximity to the Wallula Gap area. No evidence for Quaternary deformation was found.

Exposure to particulates from uranium ore dust and diesel exhaust soot provoked inflammatory and proliferative responses in lungs. Also exposure to radon and radon daughters yielded increased occurrences of bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia and metaplastic changes of alveolar epithelium. The data suggest that this cellular change is also a precursor of premalignant change in hamsters. The authors suggest an animal model other than the hamster based on two observations: (1) the Syrian golden hamster has been shown to be highly refractory to carcinoma induction; and (2) that when exposed to realistic levels of agents in life-span exposure regimens, the hamster does not develop lesions. Dog studies with cigarette smoke exposure showed mitigating effects on radon daughter induced respiratory tract cancer. Two reasons are suggested although no empirical evidence was gathered. A strict comparison of human and animal exposures and interpolative models are not possible at this time. (PCS)

Gable Mountain and Gable Butte are two ridges which form the only extensive outcrops of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the central portion of the Pasco Basin. The Saddle Mountains Basalt and two interbedded sedimentary units of the Ellensburg Formation crop out on the ridges. These include, from oldest to youngest, the Asotin Member (oldest), Esquatzel Member, Selah Interbed, Pomona Member, Rattlesnake Ridge Interbed, and Elephant Mountain Member (youngest). A fluvial plain composed of sediments from the Ringold and Hanford (informal) formations surrounds these ridges. The structure of Gable Mountain and Gable Butte is dominated by an east-west-trending major fold and northwest-southeast-trending parasitic folds. Two faults associated with the uplift of these structures were mapped on Gable Mountain. The geomorphic expression of the Gable Mountain-Gable Butte area resulted from the comlex folding and subsequent scouring by post-basalt fluvial systems.

Water jet drilling of rock is shown to be a feasible method for potential improvement in gaining access to the earth's resources. Drilling rates of up to 280 in./min in sandstone and 40 in./min in granite have been achieved. While the addition of polymers to the jet stream is found advantageous the low (15%) level of improvement and the difficulty in maintaining concentrate negated further development. The application of confining pressure was found to reduce jet performance, but this was found to be a function more of the rock response than of the jet parameters. Field tests of water jets underground indicated the jet system could be modified to cope with this change. Water jets were found to be more effective, for drilling larger holes, where a combined water jet:roller bit system was developed and laboratory and field trials of this are described. As well as determining the controlling parameters affecting jet drilling performance, and proving that rock compressive strength is not one of them, the research examined other methods of improving jet cutting performance. At jet pressures below 10,000 psi abrasive laden jets were found most advantageous while, for drilling granite, a cavitating flow proved more effective at pressures …

Line 2''-IA-295-AB outside containment penetration S-2A was analyzed to ASME Section III, Subsection NC (Class 2) criteria. The line is part of the Containment Isolation System. The model considered the line from the penetration outward through the first isolation valve. Results of the analysis show that this section of the line meets Class 2 requirements without modification.

Report on survey of three North Carolina streams for width, depth, and substrate type at 50.4 meter intervals at low water. Monthly fish samples and rotenone samples also collected.

A stress analysis was performed on the 2''-LS-118-AB pipe system outside containment penetration S5-D. Deadweight, thermal expansion, and seismic loads were considered. The results indicate that this piping will meet ASME Section III, Class 2 requirements provided a U-bolt (S4) is installed as indicated in this report.

A report by the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) examining "current Federal policies and current medical practices to determine whether a reasonable amount of justification should be provided before costly new medical technologies and procedures are put into general use" (quoted from Foreword).

The mathematical simulation of sediment and Kepone (a highly chlorinated pesticide) transport in the James River estuary was conducted by applying the sediment and contaminant transport model, FETRA, to an 85-km river reach between Bailey and Burwell Bays. The FETRA code is an unsteady, two-dimensional, finite model, utilizing the Galerkin weighted residual method. The model consists of three submodels coupled together to take into account sediment-contaminant interaction. the submodels are: (1) sediment transport model, (2) dissolved contaminant transport model, and (3) particulate contaminant (contaminants adsorbed by sediment) transport model. Transport of sediment and particulate contaminants is simulated for each sediment type or size fraction. The FETRA code was applied to simulate the migration of sediment and Kepone for three river discharges. Tidally influenced depth and velocity distributions in the study area were obtained by the unsteady, one-dimensional code, EXPLORE. These results were used by the two-dimensional code, FETRA, to obtain longitudinal distributions of sediment and Kepone. Hence, the results presented here are cross-sectionally averaged values changing with tidal flow. Comparison of computed results and field data for both sediment and Kepone concentrations indicates very good agreement, confirming the validity of the model. Mathematical simulation of Kepone transport under most probable …

Members and flows of the Grande Ronde, Wanapum, and Saddle Mountains basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group were mapped in the Saddle Mountains between Sentinel Gap and the eastern edge of Smyrna Bench. The Grande Ronde Basalt consists of the Schwana (low-MgO) and Sentinel Bluffs (high-MgO) members (informal names). The Wanapum Basalt consists of the aphyric and phyric units of the Frenchman Springs Member, the Roza-Like Member, and the Priest Rapids Member. The Saddle Mountains Basalt consists of the Wahluke, Huntzinger, Pomona, Mattawa, and Elephant Mountain basalts. The Wanapum and Saddle Mountains basalts are unevenly distributed across the Saddle Mountains. The Wanapum Basalt thins from south to north and across a northwest-southeast-trending axis at the west end of Smyrna Bench. The Priest Rapids, Roza-Like, and aphyric Frenchman Springs units are locally missing across this zone. The Saddle Mountains basalt has a more irregular distribution and, within an area between Sentinel Gap and Smyrna Bench, is devoid of the basalt. The Wahluke, Huntzinger, and Mattawa flows are locally present, but the Pomona is restricted to the southern flank west of Smyrna Bench, and the Elephant Mountain Basalt only occurs on the flanks and in three structurally controlled basins on the …

A stress analysis was performed on the 2''-IA-299-AB pipe system inside containment penetration S-5B. Deadweight, thermal expansion and seismic loads were considered. The results indicate that this piping will meet ASME Section III, Class 2 requirements.

Reeves Unit No. 2 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, was established as the potential candidate plant for solar hybrid repowering. Under this conceptual design and cost estimate task, this plant was investigated to provide a reasonable definitive design and to identify the modifications required. The existing land situation, as well as the particular environmental aspects of Reeves Unit No. 2, was investigated. Upon complete definition a cost estimate was prepared which is relatable to the present configuration of Reeves Unit No. 2. A definition of all significant changes in the plant to accommodate the addition of the solar facilities, as well as the establishment of the integration of the control systems, was determined and estimated. A field was laid out using the MIRVAL program and established the power level that was available from a given configuration. Environmental aspects such as rainfall, cloud cover, dust, traffic hazards and others were considered in the conceptual design of this unit. A design utilizing 4289 heliostats in a field to the south of the existing station was conceived. The tower was set in the southern half of an oval teardrop shaped field with access roads, fencing, relocation of existing facilities and potential for maintenance of …

In current and previous efforts, ECON has provided a preliminary economic assessment of a fusion research program. Part of this effort was the demonstration of a methodology for the estimation of reactor system costs and risk and for the treatment of program alternatives as a series of steps (tests) to buy information, thereby controlling program risk and providing a sound economic rationale for properly constructed research programs. The first phase of work also identified two areas which greatly affect the overall economic evaluation of fusion research and which warranted further study in the second phase. This led to the two tasks of the second phase reported herein: (1) discount rate determination and (2) evaluation of the effect of the expectation of the introduction of fusion power on current fossil fuel prices. In the first task, various conceptual measures of the social rate of discount were reviewed and critiqued. In the second task, a benefit area that had been called out by ECON was further examined. Long-range R and D yields short-term benefits in the form of lower nonrenewable energy resource prices because the R and D provides an expectation of future competition for the remaining reserves at the time of …

From Abstract: The report presents a compilation and technical assessment of the existing data on climate, geology, hydrology, water chemistry, and seismicity for four geothermal areas in the United States: Imperial Valley and The Geysers, California; Klamath Falls, Oregon; and the Rio Grande Rift Zone, New Mexico.