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Variability in dose estimates associated with the food-chain transport and ingestion of selected radionuclides
Dose predictions for the ingestion of /sup 90/Sr and /sup 137/Cs, using aquatic and terrestrial food chain transport models similar to those in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regulatory Guide 1.109, are evaluated through estimating the variability of model parameters and determining the effect of this variability on model output. The variability in the predicted dose equivalent is determined using analytical and numerical procedures. In addition, a detailed discussion is included on /sup 90/Sr dosimetry. The overall estimates of uncertainty are most relevant to conditions where site-specific data is unavailable and when model structure and parameter estimates are unbiased. Based on the comparisons performed in this report, it is concluded that the use of the generic default parameters in Regulatory Guide 1.109 will usually produce conservative dose estimates that exceed the 90th percentile of the predicted distribution of dose equivalents. An exception is the meat pathway for /sup 137/Cs, in which use of generic default values results in a dose estimate at the 24th percentile. Among the terrestrial pathways of exposure, the non-leafy vegetable pathway is the most important for /sup 90/Sr. For /sup 90/Sr, the parameters for soil retention, soil-to-plant transfer, and internal dosimetry contribute most significantly to the variability …
Date:
June 1, 1982
Creator:
Hoffman, F.O.; Gardner, R.H. & Eckerman, K.F.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
National Uranium Resource Evaluation: Durango Quadrangle, Colorado
From purpose and study: The Durango Quadrangle, southwest Colorado (Fig. 1), was evaluated to identify geologic units and to delineate areas that exhibit characteristics favorable for uranium deposits. Geologic environments were evaluated to a depth of 1500 m based on recognition criteria (Mickle and Mathews, eds., 1978) prepared for the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) program. A favorable environment, as defined for this program, is an environment that could contain at least 100 tons U308 in deposits with an average grade no less than 100 ppm U308 . Environments that did not meet the NURE criteria were categorized as unfavorable. Some of the subsurface and several areas of restricted access were categorized as unevaluated because insufficient data exist for proper evaluation.
Date:
June 1981
Creator:
Theis, Nicholas J.; Madson, Michael E.; Rosenlund, Gene C.; Reinhart, William R. & Gardner, Hal A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Environmental Measurement-While-Drilling System and Horizontal Directional Drilling Technology Demonstration, Hanford Site
The Environmental Measurement-While-Drilling (EMWD) system and Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) were successfully demonstrated at the Mock Tank Leak Simulation Site and the Drilling Technology Test Site, Hanford, Washington. The use of directional drilling offers an alternative to vertical drilling site characterization. Directional drilling can develop a borehole under a structure, such as a waste tank, from an angled entry and leveling off to horizontal at the desired depth. The EMWD system represents an innovative blend of new and existing technology that provides the capability of producing real-time environmental and drill bit data during drilling operations. The technology demonstration consisted of the development of one borehole under a mock waste tank at a depth of {approximately} {minus}8 m ({minus}27 ft.), following a predetermined drill path, tracking the drill path to within a radius of {approximately}1.5 m (5 ft.), and monitoring for zones of radiological activity using the EMWD system. The purpose of the second borehole was to demonstrate the capability of drilling to a depth of {approximately} {minus}21 m ({minus}70 ft.), the depth needed to obtain access under the Hanford waste tanks, and continue drilling horizontally. This report presents information on the HDD and EMWD technologies, demonstration design, results of the …
Date:
June 1, 1999
Creator:
Williams, C. V.; Lockwood, G. J.; Normann, R. A.; Myers, D. A.; Gardner, M. G.; Williamson, T. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Evaluated nuclear data files for the naturally-occurring isotopes of cadmium
Comprehensive neutronic evaluated data files for the naturally-occurring isotopes of cadmium are deduced from experimental data and nuclear models, and presented in the ENDF/B-VI formats. Particular attention is given to those processes relevant to fuel-cycle and fission-product applications. Comparisons are made with prior evaluations of the cadmium isotopes, and discrepancies and consistencies cited. Some of the discrepancies are very large 9.9 as much as 100%), and the differences have the potential for a pronounced impact on applications usage. The present files are comprehensive, including may important processes that are not represented in the contemporary ENDF/B-VI system. Recommendations are made for future measurements where appropriate.
Date:
June 1, 1993
Creator:
McCabe, J.; Smith, A. B. & Meadows, J. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Minutes of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Panel on Reference Nuclear Data, Brookhaven National Laboratory, November 1-2, 1979. [BNL, Nov. 1-2, 1979]
After the welcome and approval of the agenda and of the minutes of the Third Annual Meeting, the participants turned to reactor physics data needs, CTR data needs, status of international and national cooperation, status and availability of data files, election of officers, status of publications, biomedical data needs, and miscellaneous action items from the Third Meeting. A summary of recommendations and action items is given. Eighteen appendixes are included. (RWR)
Date:
June 1, 1980
Creator:
Burrows, T.W.; Stewart, L. & Coyne, J.J. (eds.)
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A review of plutonium environmental data with a bibliography for use in risk assessments
Plutonium fueled radioisotopic heat sources find space, terrestrial, and undersea applications to generate electrical power. Such systems under postulated accident conditions could release radioactivity into the environment resulting in risks to the general population in the form of radiological doses and associated health effects. The evaluation of the radiological impact of postulated scenarios involving releases of activity into the environment includes identification of postulated accident release modes, including the probability of release and the release location; source term definition, including the activity of each radionuclide released and the corresponding chemical form and particle size distribution; analysis of the environmental behavior of the released radioactivity to determine the concentrations in environmental media (air, soil, and water) as a function of time; and analysis of the interaction between the environmental concentrations and man, leading to ingestion, inhalation, and external doses through each environmental exposure pathway. 443 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.
Date:
June 15, 1983
Creator:
Bartram, B.W. & Wilkinson, M.J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Analysis of (n,2n) cross-section measurements for nuclei up to mass 238
All suitable measurements of the energy dependence of (n,2n) cross sections of all isotopes up to mass 238 have been analyzed. The objectives were to display the quality of the measured data for each isotope and to examine the systematic dependence of the (n,2n) cross section upon N, Z, and A. Graphs and tables are presented of the ratio of the asymptotic (n,2n) and nonelastic cross section to the neutron-asymmetry parameter (N--Z)/A. Similar data are presented for the derived nuclear temperature, T, and level-density parameter, $alpha$, as a function of N, Z, and A. This analysis of the results of over 145 experiments on 61 isotopes is essentially a complete review of the current status of (n,2n) cross-section measurements. (auth)
Date:
June 1, 1975
Creator:
Davey, W.G.; Goin, R.W. & Ross, J.R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
FPS-vidicon television camras for ultrafast-scan data acquisition
Two ultrafast-scan (<8 ms/field) television (TV) camera prototypes have been developed for closed-circuit data-acquisition applications. The line and field rates are quasi-continuously adjustable. The number of lines, the integration duty cycle, and the scan direction are among the other adjustable parameters. Typical resolution at the fastest scan rate is >500 TV lines per picture height with a corresponding dynamic range (to light input) of more than 100. The cameras use the unique properties of FPS vidicons and specially designed electronics to achieve their performance levels and versatility. The advantages and disadvantages of FPS vidicons and of antimony trisulfide and silicon target materials in such applications are discussed in detail. All of the electronics circuits are discussed. The sweep generator designs are treated at length because they are the key to the cameras' versatility. Emphasis is placed on remotely controllable analog and digital sweep generators. The latter is a complete CAMAC-compatible subsystem containing a 16-function master arithmetic logic unit. Pulsed and cw methods of obtaining transfer characteristics are described and compared. The effects of generation rates, tube types, and target types on the resolution, determined from contrast-transfer-function curves, are discussed. Several applications are described, including neutron TV pinhole, TREAT, and barium-release …
Date:
June 1, 1980
Creator:
Noel, B. W. & Yates, G. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Defense Nuclear Agency working cross section library: description and contents
None
Date:
June 1, 1974
Creator:
Roussin, R. W. & Wright, J. B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Prototype explosives-detection system based on nuclear-resonance absorption in nitrogen
A prototype explosives-detection system (EDS) that was developed for experimental evaluation of a nuclear-resonance absorption technique is described. The major subsystems are a proton accelerator and beam transport, high-temperature proton target, an airline-luggage tomographic inspection station, and an image-processing/detection-alarm subsystem. The detection system performance, based on a limited experimental test, is reported.
Date:
June 1, 1994
Creator:
Morgado, R. E.; Arnone, G.; Cappiello, C. C.; Gardner, S. D.; Hollas, C. L.; Ussery, L. E. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Collaborative research on the Northeast Water Polynya: NEWP92 hydrographic data report. USCGC Polar Sea cruise, July 15--August 15, 1992
The Northeast Water Polynya (NEW) off the northeast coast of Greenland was the focus of two cruises aboard the USCGC Polar Sea during the summers of 1992 and 1993. The cruises were supported by the National Science Foundation Arctic Systems Science (ARCSS) program and were part of the Arctic Ocean Science Board`s International Arctic Polynya Program. The Polar Sea cruises were designed as multidisciplinary studies to test hypotheses about the mechanisms of heat, water and carbon flow within and beyond the boundaries of the polynya. Preliminary results of the 1992 study have been described elsewhere. A collection of papers arising from the 1992 cruise have been published in a Special Section of the Journal of Geophysical Research. This data report presents the hydrographic and basic chemical observations made from CTD/Rosette casts during the 1992 cruise. The station positions cruise are plotted in Figure 1. Also included in the report are selected section plots and vertical profiles. A total of 130 CTD casts were made during the cruise, measuring pressure, temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence and light transmission. Discrete samples were collected in 10-liter, rosette-mounted, Niskin bottles and analyzed, from most casts, for: salinity, dissolved nutrients, dissolved oxygen, anthropogenic halocarbons (e.g., …
Date:
June 1, 1995
Creator:
Wallace, D. W. R.; Behrens, W. J.; Hopkins, T. S.; Kinder, C.; Deming, J.; Smith, W. O. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geology, geochemistry and evaluation of proposed gradient hole sites, Cleveland-Maple Grove Prospect, Caribou and Franklin Counties, Idaho
None
Date:
June 1, 1980
Creator:
McIntyre, J. R.; Klein, C. W. & Cox, B. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Reduction of atmospheric pollution by the application of fluidized-bed combustion. Annual report, July 1972--June 1973
None
Date:
June 1, 1974
Creator:
Vogel, G. J.; Haas, M.; Swift, W.; Riha, J.; Schoffstoll, C. B.; Hepperly, J. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Description and cost analysis of a deluge dry/wet cooling system.
The use of combined dry/wet cooling systems for large base-load power plants offers the potential for significant water savings as compared to evaporatively cooled power plants and significant cost savings in comparison to dry cooled power plants. The results of a detailed engineering and cost study of one type of dry/wet cooling system are described. In the ''deluge'' dry/wet cooling method, a finned-tube heat exchanger is designed to operate in the dry mode up to a given ambient temperature. To avoid the degradation of performance for higher ambient temperatures, water (the delugeate) is distributed over a portion of the heat exchanger surface to enhance the cooling process by evaporation. The deluge system used in this study is termed the HOETERV system. The HOETERV deluge system uses a horizontal-tube, vertical-plate-finned heat exchanger. The delugeate is distributed at the top of the heat exchanger and is allowed to fall by gravity in a thin film on the face of the plate fin. Ammonia is used as the indirect heat transfer medium between the turbine exhaust steam and the ambient air. Steam is condensed by boiling ammonia in a condenser/reboiler. The ammonia is condensed in the heat exchanger by inducing airflow over the …
Date:
June 1, 1978
Creator:
Wiles, L. E.; Bamberger, J. A.; Braun, D. J.; Faletti, D. W. & Willingham, C. E.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Lead immobilization in thermally remediated soils and igneous rocks
This is the final report for a three-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The principal goal of this project was to investigate the speciation of lead in the environment at LANL and to determine the feasibility of using thermal remediation methods to immobilize lead in the environment. Lead occurs as pyromorphite [Pb(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}(Cl, OH)], cerussite (PbCO{sub 3}) and galena (PbS) in vapor-phase-altered Bandelier Tuff samples. LANL soils primarily contain cerussite and PbO. Thermal remediation experiments at high temperatures (up to 400 C) suggest that thermal immobilization of highly-reactive Pb compounds in the environment may be feasible, but that this technique is not optimal for more refractory lead phases such as cerussite and PbO.
Date:
June 1, 1997
Creator:
Hickmott, D. D.; Carey, J. W.; Stimac, J.; Larocque, A.; Abell, R.; Gauerke, E. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Development of new techniques of using irradiation in the genetic improvement of warm season grasses, the assessment of their genetic and cytogenetic effects and biomass production from grass. Progress report, November 1, 1978-October 31, 1979
The following topics are discussed: altering protein quantity and quality in pearl millet grain by irradiation and mutation breeding; effect of nitrogen and genotype (male and female) on pearl millet grain; irradiation breeding of sterile triploid turf bermudagrasses; irradiation breeding of sterile Coastcross-1, a forage grass hybrid to increase winterhardiness; heterosis resulting from crossing specific irradiation induced mutants with their normal inbred parent; economic assessment of irradiation induced mutants; use of ethidium bromide to create cytoplasmic male sterile mutants in pearl millet; use of mitomycin and streptomycin to create cytoplasmic male sterile mutants in pearl millet; biomass of napiergrass; evaluation of mutagen induced lignin mutants in sorghum; interspecific transfer of germplasm using gamma radiation; production of homozygous translocation tester stocks; use of radiation to control the reproductive behavior in plants; genetics of radiation induced mutations; response of pearl millet pollen to gamma radiation; and nature of morphological changes in sterile triploid bermudagrass on golf courses.
Date:
June 1, 1979
Creator:
Burton, G W & Hanna, W W
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Organic analysis of ambient samples collected near Tank 241-C-103: Results from samples collected on May 12, 1994
This report describes organic analyses results from ambient samples collected both upwind and through the vapor sampling system (VSS) near Hanford waste storage Tank 241-C-103 (referred to as Tank C-103). The results described here were obtained to support safety and toxicological evaluations. A summary of the results for inorganic and organic analytes is listed. Quantitative results were obtained for organic compounds. Five organic tentatively identified compounds (TICS) were observed above the detection limit of (ca.) 10 ppbv, but standards for most of these were not available at the time of analysis, and the reported concentrations are semiquantitative estimates. In addition, we looked for the 40 standard TO-14 analytes. We observed 39. Of these, only one was observed above the 2-ppbv calibrated instrument detection limit. Dichloromethane was above the detection limits using both methods, but the result from the TO-14 method is traceable to a standard gas mixture and is considered more accurate. Organic analytes were found only in the sample collected through the VSS, suggesting that these compounds were residual contamination from a previous sampling job. Detailed descriptions of the results appear in the text.
Date:
June 1, 1995
Creator:
Clauss, T. W.; Ligotke, M. W.; McVeety, B. D.; Lucke, R. B.; Young, J. S.; McCulloch, M. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
The Measurement of Noise Performance Factors: A Metrology Guide
From Introduction: "The purpose of this guide is to describe, discuss, and analyze methods of measuring the average noise factor and average effective input noise temperature of an electronic transducer."
Date:
June 1974
Creator:
Arthur, M. G. & Anson, W. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Application of Advanced Reservoir Characterization, Simulation, and Production Optimization Strategies to Maximize Recovery in Slope and Basin Clastic Reservoirs, West Texas (Delaware Basin)
The objective of this Class III project is to demonstrate that detailed reservoir characterization of slope and basin clastic reservoirs in sandstones of the Delaware Mountain Group in the Delaware Basin of West Texas and New Mexico is a cost-effective way to recover a higher percentage of the original oil in place through geologically based field development. This year the project focused on reservoir characterization of the East Ford unit, a representative Delaware Mountain Group field that produces from the upper Bell Canyon Formation (Ramsey Sandstone). The field, discovered in 1960, is operated by Orla Petco, Inc., as the East Ford unit; it contained an estimated 19.8 million barrels (MMbbl) of original oil in place. Petrophysical characterization of the East Ford unit was accomplished by integrating core and log data and quantifying petrophysical properties from wireline logs. Most methods of petrophysical analysis that had been developed during an earlier study of the Ford Geraldine unit were successfully transferred to the East Ford unit. The approach that was used to interpret water saturation from resistivity logs, however, had to be modified because in some East Ford wells the log-calculated water saturation was too high and inconsistent with observations made during the …
Date:
June 8, 1999
Creator:
Dutton, S. P.; Flanders, W. A.; Guzman, J. I. & Zirczy, H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Carbon dioxide, hydrographic, and chemical data obtained in the South Pacific Ocean (WOCE Sections P16A/P17A, P17E/P19S, and P19C, R/V Knorr, October 1992--April 1993)
This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide concentration (TCO{sub 2}) and partial pressure of CO{sub 2} (pCO{sub 2}) in discrete water samples collected during three expeditions of the Research Vessel (R/V) Knorr in the South Pacific Ocean. Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the first cruise (WOCE Section P16A/P17A) began in Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia, on October 6, 1992, and returned to Papeete on November 25, 1992. The second cruise (WOCE Section P17E/P19S) began in Papeete on December 4, 1992, and finished in Punta Arenas, Chile, on January 22, 1993. The third expedition (WOCE Section P19C) started in Punta Arenas, on February 22 and finished in Panama City, Panama, on April 13, 1993. During the three expeditions, 422 hydrographic stations were occupied. Hydrographic and chemical measurements made along WOCE Sections P16A/P17A, P17E/P19S, and P19C included pressure, temperature, salinity, and oxygen [measured by conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensor], as well as discrete measurements of salinity, oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, silicate, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12), TCO{sub 2}, and pCO{sub 2} measured at 4 and 20 C. In addition, potential temperatures were calculated from the measured variables.
Date:
June 1, 1998
Creator:
Rubin, S.; Goddard, J.G.; Chipman, D.W.; Takahashi, Taro; Sutherland, S.C.; Reid, J.L. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Vapor space characterization of waste tank 241-C-107 (in situ): Results from samples collected on June 17, 1994
This document presents the details of the inorganic and organic analysis that was performed on samples from the headspace of Hanford waste tank 241-C-107. The results described were obtained to support the safety and toxicological evaluations. A summary of the results for the inorganic and organic analytes is included, as well as, a detailed description of the results which appears in the text.
Date:
June 1, 1995
Creator:
McVeety, B. D.; Ligotke, M. W.; Lucke, R. B.; McCulloch, M.; Goheen, S. C.; Clauss, T. W. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Vapor space characterization of waste tank 241-C-106: Results from samples collected on February 15, 1994
This document presents the details of the inorganic and organic analysis that was performed on samples from the headspace of Hanford waste tank 241-C-106. The results described were obtained to support the safety and toxicological evaluations. A summary of the results for the inorganic and organic analytes is included, as well as, a detailed description of the results which appears in the text.
Date:
June 1, 1995
Creator:
McVeety, B. D.; Clauss, T. W.; Young, J. S.; Ligotke, M. W.; Goheen, S. C.; Lucke, R. B. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Discernment of two opposing reports on the hydrological effects of a hydrothermal power plant
Two evaluations to determine the hydrological effects of a 50-megawatt hydrothermal power plant in the Jemez Mountains give dramatically different results. One shows little effect; the other, a large one. The treatments agree on some thermal-zone water supplies to the Jemez River but not on the expected changes in these flows. The primary areas of disagreement appear to be the total volume of water in the reservoir and the movement of this water to the point of withdrawal. The author (a nonhydrologist) has compared these reports but leaves final judgment of the accuracy of either evaluation for some erudite hydrologists, as some experimental data and model development are needed.
Date:
June 1, 1986
Creator:
Williams, J. M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
ACDOS2: an improved neutron-induced dose rate code
To calculate the expected dose rate from fusion reactors as a function of geometry, composition, and time after shutdown a computer code, ACDOS2, was written, which utilizes up-to-date libraries of cross-sections and radioisotope decay data. ACDOS2 is in ANSI FORTRAN IV, in order to make it readily adaptable elsewhere.
Date:
June 1, 1981
Creator:
Lagache, J.C.
System:
The UNT Digital Library