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Consolidation and shear failure leading to subsidence and settlement. Final report
Subsidence and settlement are phenomena that are much more destructive than generally thought. In shallow land burials they may lead to cracking of the overburden and eventual exposure and escape of waste material. The primary causes are consolidation and cave-ins. Laboratory studies performed at Los Alamos permit us to predict settlement caused by consolidation or natural compaction of the crushed tuff overburden. We have also investigated the shear failure characteristics of crushed tuff that may lead to subsidence. Examples of expected settlement and subsidence are calculated based on the known geotechnical characteristics of crushed tuff. The same thing is done for bentonite/tuff mixes because some field experiments were performed using this additive (bentonite) to reduce the hydraulic conductivity of the crushed tuff. Remedial actions, i.e., means to limit the amount of settlement, are discussed. We finally discuss our field experiment, which studies the influence of subsidence on layered systems in general and on biobarriers in particular. The share of the produced cavities is compared with cavities produced by idealized voids in an idealized environment. Study of root penetration at subsidence sites gives us an indication of the remaining degree of integrity. 30 refs., 24 figs., 19 tabs.
Date:
February 1, 1986
Creator:
Abeele, W.; Nyhan, J. W.; Hakonson, T. E.; Drennon, B. J.; Lopez, E. A.; Herrera, W. J. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Feasibility of large scale deliberate tracer release experiments in or below the oceanic thermocline
The relative importance of lateral and vertical mixing in the interior of the oceans cannot be reliably determined from conventional oceanographic measurements, nor from observations of fallout radionuclides. It is suggested that the problem could be most effectively studied by an experiment in which a large quantity of a suitable tracer was deliberately released in deep water, and its subsequent dispersion was followed for at least one year. The feasibility of such an experiment is examined. It is concluded that it is indeed feasible, and that helium-3 would be the most suitable tracer, with tritium as a possible alternative. About 30 g f Helium-3 would be needed for each release. Such a quantity may be dissoled in about 1 m/sup 3/ of water at pressures greater than 500 dbar, is easily available, and would cost about $100K. Concentrations would have fallen to unmeasurable levels by the time the patch had spread sufficiently to interfere with measurements of natural or radiogenic helium-3. The patch would need to be marked with dusters of neutrally buoyant floats in order that its movement may be followed. It is estimated that it would be around 1000 km across after one year, and anything from a …
Date:
February 1, 1981
Creator:
Shepherd, J.G. & Broecker, W.S.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Scattering of 14-Mev Neutrons From Nitrogen and Oxygen
The differential cross sections for elastic scattering of 14-Mev neutrons from nitrogen and oxygen were measured in the angular range from 17 to 140 deg , using liquid targets and annular ring geometry. Inelastic scattering to the 2.31 and 3.95-Mev levels in N/sup 14/ and to the levels near 6 and 7 Mev in O/sup 16/ was investigated over a more restricted angular range. The 2.31-Mev level in N/sup 14/ was not excited appreciably, in disagreement with previously reported results. For both elements, the elastic scattering cross sections (determined to an accuracy of 10%) were found to be appreciably higher than the optical model predictions by Rjorklund and Fernbach for scatterirg angles larger than 70 deg . The inelastic cross sections measured are, within experimental accuracy, the same as the corresponding (p,p') cross sections. (auth)
Date:
February 27, 1963
Creator:
Bauer, R. W.; Anderson, J. D. & Christensen, L. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
THE INTERNAL FEEDBACK OF EBR-I MARK-III
None
Date:
February 1, 1960
Creator:
Carter, J. C.; Sparks, D. W. & Tessier, J. H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Carnotite-Bearing Sandstone in Cedar Canyon, Slim Buttes, Harding County, South Dakota
A report about carnotite-bearing sandstone and clay which has been found in the Chadron formation of the White River group of Oligocene age in the southern part of the Slim Buttes area, Harding County, S. Dakota. The mineralized sandstone contains as much as 0.23 percent uranium.
Date:
February 1954
Creator:
Gill, J. R. & Moore, G. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Results of Geothermal Gradient Core Hole TCB-1, Tecuamburro Volcano Geothermal Site, Guatemala, Central America
Results of geological, volcanological, hydrogeochemical, and geophysical field studies conducted in 1988 and 1989 at the Tecuamburro volcano geothermal site in Guatemala indicated that there is a substantial shallow heat source beneath the area of youngest volcanism. To obtain information on subsurface temperatures and temperature gradients, stratigraphy, hydrothermal alteration, fracturing, and possible inflows of hydrothermal fluids, a geothermal gradient core hole (TCB-1) was drilled to 808 m low on the northern flank of the Tecuamburro volcano Complex, 300 km south of a 300-m-diameter phreatic crater, Laguna Ixpaco, dated at 2,910 years. Gases from acid-sulfate springs near Laguna Ixpaco consistently yield maximum estimated subsurface temperatures of 250--300{degrees}C. The temperature versus depth curve from TCB-1 does not show isothermal conditions and the calculated thermal gradients from 500--800 m is 230{degrees}C/km. Bottom hole temperature is 238{degrees}C. Calculated heat flow values are nearly 9 heat flow units (HFU). The integration of results from the TCB-1 gradient core hole with results from field studies provides strong evidence that the Tecuamburro area holds great promise for containing a commercial geothermal resource.
Date:
February 1, 1992
Creator:
Adams, A. I.; Chipera, S.; Counce, D.; Gardner, J.; Goff, S.; Goff, F. et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Electric energy supply systems: description of available technologies
When comparing coal transportation with electric transmission as a means of delivering electric power, it is desirable to compare entire energy systems rather than just the transportation/transmission components because the requirements of each option may affect the requirements of other energy system components. PNL's assessment consists of two parts. The first part, which is the subject of this document, is a detailed description of the technical, cost, resource and environmental characteristics of each system component and technologies available for these components. The second part is a computer-based model that PNL has developed to simulate construction and operation of alternative system configurations and to compare the performance of these systems under a variety of economic and technical conditions. This document consists of six chapters and two appendices. A more thorough description of coal-based electric energy systems is presented in the Introduction and Chapter 1. Each of the subsequent chapters describes technologies for five system components: Western coal resources (Chapter 2), coal transportation (Chapter 3), coal gasification and gas transmission (Chapter 4), and electric power transmission (Chapter 6).
Date:
February 1, 1985
Creator:
Eisenhauer, J. L.; Rogers, E. A.; King, J. C.; Stegen, G. E. & Dowis, W. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Thermal expansion of /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/
The linear thermal expansion of stoichiometric /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ was measured over the range 25 to 1600/sup 0/. The value of ..delta..L/L/sub 0/ per degree C, calculated from the data, is ..delta..L/L/sub 0/ = -2.249 x 10/sup -4/ + 9.020 x 10/sup -6/T - 1.130 x 10/sup -9/T/sup 2/ + 1.525 x 10/sup -12/T/sup 3/.
Date:
February 1, 1976
Creator:
Andrew, J. F.; Zocher, R. W. & Kent, R. A.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Metastability and Delta-Phase Retention in Plutonium Alloys Final Report of LDRD Project 01-ERD-029
The {delta} to {alpha}' phase transformation in Pu-Ga alloys is intriguing for both scientific and technological reasons. On cooling, the ductile fcc {delta}-phase transforms martensitically to the brittle monoclinic {alpha}'-phase at approximately -120 C (depending on composition). This exothermic transformation involves a 20% volume contraction and a significant increase in resistivity. The reversion of {alpha}' to {delta} involves a large temperature hysteresis beginning just above room temperature. In an attempt to better understand the underlying thermodynamics and kinetics responsible for these unusual features, we have investigated the {delta} {leftrightarrow} {alpha}' phase transformations in a Pu-0.6 wt% Ga alloy using a combination of experimental and modeling techniques.
Date:
February 11, 2004
Creator:
Wong, J; Schwartz, A J; Blobaum, K M; Krenn, C R; Wall, M A; Wolfer, W G et al.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced, Graphite-Matrix, Dispersion-Type Fuel Systems And Research on Graphite. Quarterly Progress Report for the Period Ending February 14, 1965
None
Date:
February 15, 1965
Creator:
Bokros, J. C.; Goeddel, W. V.; Lonsdale, H. K.; Price, R. J.; White, J. L. & Zumwalt, L. R.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Effects of resource activities upon repository siting and waste containment with reference to bedded salt
The primary consideration for the suitability of a nuclear waste repository site is the overall ability of the repository to safely contain radioactive waste. This report is a discussion of the past, present, and future effects of resource activities on waste containment. Past and present resource activities which provide release pathways (i.e., leaky boreholes, adjacent mines) will receive initial evaluation during the early stages of any repository site study. However, other resource activities which may have subtle effects on containment (e.g., long-term pumping causing increased groundwater gradients, invasion of saline water causing lower retardation) and all potential future resource activities must also be considered during the site evaluation process. Resource activities will affect both the siting and the designing of repositories. Ideally, sites should be located in areas of low resource activity and low potential for future activity, and repository design should seek to eliminate or minimize the adverse effects of any resource activity. Buffer zones should be created to provide areas in which resource activities that might adversely affect containment can be restricted or curtailed. This could mean removing large areas of land from resource development. The impact of these frozen assets should be assessed in terms of their …
Date:
February 1, 1980
Creator:
Ashby, J. & Rowe, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Magnetic field dependence of resistivity minima in amorphous La--Gd--Au alloys with high Gd content. [(La/sub 100-x/Gd/sub x/)/sub 80/Au/sub 20/, x = 8 to 40]
Magnetoresistivity measurements are performed in fields up to 40 kOe on some concentrated amorphous La--Gd--Au alloys exhibiting characteristics of a spin-glass. The negative magnetoresistivity at low temperature is found to be roughly proportional to the square of the magnetization. The resistivity minima in these alloys are attributed to a mechanism of electron scattering from magnetic clouds coupled by the RKKY interactions, in qualitative agreement with analysis of remanent magnetization data. 4 figures, 1 table.
Date:
February 1, 1977
Creator:
Poon, S. J.; Durand, J. & Yung, M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Gyrokinetic particle simulation of neoclassical transport
A time varying weighting ({delta} f) scheme for gyrokinetic particle simulation is applied to a steady state, multi-species simulation of neoclassical transport. Accurate collision operators conserving momentum and energy are developed and implemented. Simulation results using these operators are found to agree very well with neoclassical theory. For example, it is dynamically demonstrated in these multispecies simulations that like-particle collisions produce no particle flux and that the neoclassical fluxes are ambipolar for an ion-electron plasma. An important physics feature of the present scheme is the introduction of toroidal sheared flow to the simulations. Simulation results are in agreement with the existing analytical neoclassical theory of Hinton and Wong. The poloidal electric field associated with toroidal mass flow is found to enhance density gradient driven electron particle flux and the bootstrap current while reducing temperature gradient driven flux and current. Finally, neoclassical theory in steep gradient profile relevant to the edge regime is examined by taking into account finite banana width effects. In general, the present work demonstrates a valuable new capability for studying important aspects of neoclassical transport inaccessible by conventional analytical calculation processes.
Date:
February 1, 1995
Creator:
Lin, Z.; Tang, W. M. & Lee, W. W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Beam profiles from multiple aperture sources
Using a rapidly convergent approximation scheme, formulas are given for beam intensity profiles everywhere. In the first approximation, formulas are found for multiple aperture sources, such as a TFTR design, and integrated power for rectangular plates downstream for Gaussian beamlets. This analysis is duplicated for Lorentzian beamlets which should provide a probable upper bound for off-axis loading as Gaussian beamlets provide a probable lower bound. Formulas for beam intensity profiles are found everywhere. In first approximation, formulas are found for downstream intensity of multiple sources and integrated power for rectangular plates.
Date:
February 1, 1979
Creator:
Whealton, J.H.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Status report to DOE Nuclear Data Committee
This status report includes brief reports on measurements and calculations of quantities for nuclear data applications and data for reactor safety. Separate abstracts were prepared for those items with a significant amount of data. (RWR)
Date:
February 16, 1978
Creator:
Anderson, J. D.; Browne, J. C. & Struble, G. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
A high precision model of Booster Tune Control
N/A
Date:
February 1, 2002
Creator:
Brown, K.; Vanasselt, W. & Meng, W.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Geologic framework and hot dry rock geothermal potential of the Castle Dome area, Yuma County, Arizona
The Castle Dome Mountains and surrounding ranges constitute a voluminous pile of silicic volcanic rocks within the Basin and Range province of southwestern Arizona. Previously reported as Cretaceous and Quaternary in age, these volcanics all are of late Oligocene to early Miocene age as indicated by five new K-Ar dates. Reconnaissance field studies indicate that the volcanic section locally has undergone large rotations that contrast with the usual structural style of the Basin and Range and resemble the thin-skinned rotational tectonics documented for earlier, mid-Tertiary extensional deformation in ranges to the north and northeast. Significant geothermal potential of the Castle Dome area is suggested by a shallow depth to the Curie isotherm and by the apparent presence of a good electrical conductor at anomalously shallow depth in the crust. Warm wells exist in the area and Shearer (1979) reported a geothermal gradient of about 70/sup 0/C/km in a dry well near the center of the gravity low. Radiogenic heat production in the silicic batholith inferred above constitutes a reasonable candidate for a shallow regional heat source.
Date:
February 1, 1981
Creator:
Gutmann, J.T.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Measuring Energy-Saving Retrofits: Experiences from the Texas Loanstar Program
In 1988 the Governor`s Energy Management Center of Texas received approval from the US Department of Energy to establish a $98.6 million state-wide retrofit demonstration revolving loan program to fund energy-conserving retrofits in state, public school, and local government buildings. As part of this program, a first-of-its-kind, statewide Monitoring and Analysis Program (MAP) was established to verify energy and dollar savings of the retrofits, reduce energy costs by identifying operational and maintenance improvements, improve retrofit selection in future rounds of the LoanSTAR program, and initiate a data base of energy use in institutional and commercial buildings located in Texas. This report discusses the LoanSTAR MAP with an emphasis on the process of acquiring and analyzing data to measure savings from energy conservation retrofits when budgets are a constraint. This report includes a discussion of the program structure, basic measurement techniques, data archiving and handling, data reporting and analysis, and includes selected examples from LoanSTAR agencies. A summary of the program results for the first two years of monitoring is also included.
Date:
February 1, 1996
Creator:
Haberl, J. S.; Reddy, T. A.; Claridge, D. E.; Turner, W. D.; O`Neal, D. L. & Heffington, W. M.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Experimental results on the two-stage, Venetian Blind, direct energy converter
Some preliminary results obtained from experiments designed to test the feasibility of the Venetian Blind, direct energy-conversion concept are discussed. A two-stage unit was built and tested and found to have an overall efficiency of 65% for an energy spread of from 330 to 1000 eV. The calculated efficiency was 69% leaving a 4% discrepancy. This discrepancy seems to result from the slight transparency in the backward direction of the ribbons of the converter. (auth)
Date:
February 1, 1974
Creator:
Moir, R. W. & Barr, W. L.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Final report on LDRD Project: In situ determination of composition and strain during MBE
Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) of semiconductor heterostructures for advanced electronic and opto-electronic devices requires precise control of the surface composition and strain. The development of advanced in situ diagnostics for real-time monitoring and process control of strain and composition would enhance the yield, reliability and process flexibility of material grown by MBE and benefit leading-edge programs in microelectronics and photonics. The authors have developed a real-time laser-based technique to measure the evolution of stress in epitaxial films during growth by monitoring the change in the wafer curvature. Research has focused on the evolution of stress during the epitaxial growth of Si{sub x}Ge{sub 1{minus}x} alloys on Si(001) substrates. Initial studies have observed the onset and kinetics of strain relaxation during the growth of heteroepitaxial layers. The technique has also been used to measure the segregation of Ge to the surface during alloy growth with monolayer sensitivity, an order of magnitude better resolution than post-growth characterization. In addition, creation of a 2-dimensional array of parallel beams allows rapid surface profiling of the film stress that can be used to monitor process uniformity.
Date:
February 1, 1997
Creator:
Chason, E.; Floro, J.A.; Reno, J. & Klem, J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Advanced research and technology, direct utilization: recovery of minerals from coal fly ash. Fossil energy program. Technical progress report, 1 October 1980-31 December 1980
The purpose of this research is to develop methods to process fly ash for the separation and use of an iron-rich fraction, for the recovery of metals, primarily Al and Ti, and for use of the process residues. Research during this report period of the HiChlor process for the extraction of alumina and titania by high-temperature chlorination of a fly ash-reductant mixture included investigation of the simulation of the reactions as a design tool, the assembly of a unit to measure reaction kinetic rates and particle specific surface areas and porosities, and the design of equipment to measure necessary chloride product separation data. A pretreatment chlorination reaction using CO and Cl/sub 2/ was found to be capable of removing 80% of the iron with only minimal alumina and silica reaction. Development of the lime-soda sinter process includes the collection of data on the phenomenon of auto-disintegration of lime-fly ash sinters. Results indicate that it is the presence of minor constituents having +5 pr +6 valence cations of a size that can enter the lattice of the calcium silicate which prevent sinter auto-disintegration.
Date:
February 1, 1981
Creator:
Burnet, G.; Weiss, S. J. & Murtha, M. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Spectral analysis of the turbulent mixing of two fluids
The authors describe a spectral approach to the investigation of fluid instability, generalized turbulence, and the interpenetration of fluids across an interface. The technique also applies to a single fluid with large variations in density. Departures of fluctuating velocity components from the local mean are far subsonic, but the mean Mach number can be large. Validity of the description is demonstrated by comparisons with experiments on turbulent mixing due to the late stages of Rayleigh-Taylor instability, when the dynamics become approximately self-similar in response to a constant body force. Generic forms for anisotropic spectral structure are described and used as a basis for deriving spectrally integrated moment equations that can be incorporated into computer codes for scientific and engineering analyses.
Date:
February 1996
Creator:
Steinkamp, M. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Inhalation developmental toxicology studies: Teratology study of methyl ethyl ketone in mice: Final report
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is a widely used industrial solvent which results in considerable human exposure. In order to assess the potential for MEK to cause developmental toxicity in rodents, four groups of Swiss (CD-1) mice were exposed to 0, 400, 1000 or 3000 ppM MEK vapors, 7 h/day, 7 dy/wk. Ten virgin females and approx.30 plug-positive females per group were exposed concurrently for 10 consecutive days (6--15 dg for mated mice). Body weights were obtained throughout the study period, and uterine and fetal body weights were obtained at sacrifice on 18 dg. Uterine implants were enumerated and their status recorded. Live fetuses were sexed and examined for gross, visceral, skeletal, and soft-tissue craniofacial defects. Exposure of pregnant mice to these concentrations of MEK did not result in apparent maternal toxicity, although there was a slight, treatment-correlated increase in liver to body weight ratios which was significant for the 3000-ppM group. Mild developmental toxicity was evident at 3000-ppM as a reduction in mean fetal body weight. This reduction was statistically significant for the males only, although the relative decrease in mean fetal body weight was the same for both sexes. 17 refs., 4 figs., 10 tabs.
Date:
February 1, 1989
Creator:
Mast, T. J.; Dill, J. A.; Evanoff, J. J.; Rommereim, R. L.; Weigel, R. J. & Westerberg, R. B.
System:
The UNT Digital Library
Radiochemical analyses of water samples collected postshot in the vicinity of Tatum Dome, Mississippi. Technical letter: Dribble 42
On the basis of the analytical methods used, preliminary radiochemical analysis of the water samples collected after the Salmon event indicate that no detectable level of radioactive contamination exists. Samples were obtained from the calcite caprock at a depth of 934 to 1,006 feet and through intervening aquifers to aquifer 1 at a depth of 365 to 421 feet from the surface. The water sample collected from the calcite caprock was taken within approximately 1,700 feet of the detonation. Periodic sampling of the wells will continue and more refined analytical techniques will be used in analyzing the samples. After the hydrologic test wells have been better developed by bailing, additional isotopes will be investigated.
Date:
February 8, 1965
Creator:
Janzer, V. J. & Rucker, S. J.
System:
The UNT Digital Library