The principal objective is to study the impact of the land reform program in Iran on rural-urban migration, primarily on landless peasants who consist of more than 2/3 of the rural population. The interrelationships between economic, political, and social factors are stressed.

During the Baroque Era (1600-1750) many motets were written for one solo voice, representing a major departure from the polyphonic motet settings which had been produced since before 1250. The study traces the development of the solo motet from it s first appearance in the Centro concerti ecclesiastici of Lodovico Grossi do Viadana in 1602 up to 1750, when the style began to deteriorate along with the Neapolitan opera style.