A technique is described for obtaining short exposure (approximately 8 ns) high resolution photomicrographs of electrically exploded bridges using a pulsed laser for bridge illumination and band-pass filters to eliminate the intense self light. Two cameras are described, one for a small field of view (approximately 1 mm) and one for a relatively large field of view (approximately 20 mm). A carbon disulfide cell and a fiber-optic light guide are used to essentially eliminate speckle, which normally limits the resolution of laser photographs of diffuse surfaces. A series of photomicrographs showing the detailed burst characteristics of both flat and round bridges are shown.

Separate abstracts were prepared for fifty-one papers presented at the conference. An additional seven papers were presented for which abstracts appeared in previous issues of ERA. (HLW)

Methods are presented for the determination of uranium, or uranium and neptunium, in plutonium metal and plutonium alloys. Anion exchange or a combination of anion exchange and solvent extraction is used to concentrate the elements for x-ray fluorescence analysis, depending upon the impurities present and the elements to be determined. The precision for determining between 3 and 250 ..mu..g of uranium or neptunium ranges between 30 and 2 percent. 7 tables.

With few exceptions, inner-shell photoabsorption spectra of molecules exhibit strong shape resonances near threshold, weak fine structure extending far into the continuum, or both. The main characteristics of these one-electron effects are established by reviewing selected experimental data. Then recent calculations are described based on the multiple-scattering model which show in detail how these effects are caused by the anisotropic molecular field, which mixes high-l partial-wave components into the final-state wave function. Finally, one predicts how these molecular effects will manifest themselves in future experiments on photoelectron angular distributions from randomly-oriented and fixed molecules.

Briefly discussed are the laser-initiated fusion reaction, emissions that are produced, and methods that may be used to protect the walls of reactor cavities from these emissions. Thermal loadings encountered in laser fusion reactors will consist of energy deposition by discrete, short, intense pulses of x and gamma rays, fast alpha and other charged particles, and fusion neutrons. Presented are models of energy deposition in structural walls and blanket regions surrounding the reaction chamber and methods used to calculate resulting temperature increases and thermal stresses in these components. The results of such calculations indicate that the design conditions for the engineering of laser-initiated fusion reactors will be severe and a great amount of ingenuity and analysis will be required to meet them successfully.

Conceptual design studies of possible fusion reactor configurations have revealed a host of interesting and sometimes extremely difficult heat transfer problems. The general requirements imposed on the coolant system for heat removal of the thermonuclear power from the reactor are discussed. In particular, the constraints imposed by the fusion plasma, neutronics, structure and magnetic field environment are described with emphasis on those aspects which are unusual or unique to fusion reactors. Then the particular heat transfer characteristics of various possible coolants including lithium, flibe, boiling alkali metals, and helium are discussed in the context of these general fusion reactor requirements. Some specific areas where further experimental and/or theoretical work is necessary are listed for each coolant along with references to the pertinent research already accomplished. Specialized heat transfer problems of the plasma injection and removal systems are also described. Finally, the challenging heat transfer problems associated with the superconducting magnets are reviewed, and once again some of the key unsolved heat transfer problems are enumerated.

Abstracts for 17 conference papers appear separately in ERA. (SDF)

Abstracts for 27 papers appear separately in ERA. (SDF)

The interaction of a relativistic electron beam with a laser pulse in a target plasma is theoretically described. An analysis is given for the stimulated bremsstrahlung effect. (MOW)

Abstracts of the papers presented at the Lasers for Isotope Separation Conference are included. (LK)

Recent research on electron transfer between multicharged ions and neutral targets is reviewed. The needs of astrophysics and thermonuclear fusion coupled with the availability of beams of slow multicharged ions have stimulated interest in these collisions. Data available on systems such as Ar/sup i+/ + Ar and Fe/sup i+/ + H indicate that cross sections as large as 10/sup -14/ cm/sup 2/ occur for transfer of an electron at collision velocities near and below the velocities of electrons in the atoms. In some cases, quantitatively correct predications of the cross sections have been based on a quasi-molecular model of the colliding system. This paper presents some of the available data, data needs, and comparison of experiment and theory for electron transfer at low collision velocities. A similar review was recently given by Salzborn, but already significant new results have been obtained.

Separate abstracts were prepared for the papers presented. Other papers were previously announced. (JSR)

For the Record section including the minutes of the quarterly board meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society that was held on July 29, 1976. It also includes a gift list for the second quarter of 1976 and lists of new annual and new life members of the OHS.

A pulsed-laser stereophotography system is used to evaluate the physical changes taking place in close (1 ..mu.. m) proximity to the actinic plasma of miniature exploding foils. The system records stereopairs of photographs at 3 ns exposure time and 20X magnification. The image size is 50 mm square with resolution 40 lines/mm. The purpose of the laser is to supply a short (3 ns) pulse of monochromatic light. This laser light reflected off the test specimen is then collected by the stereocamera. The 3-ns pulse minimizes motion blur, and the monochromaticity permits filtering out all wavelengths except that of the laser (694.3 nm) wavelength. This permits the self-light of the exploding foils to be, for all practical purposes, eliminated from the stereophotographs. The metal foils provide satisfactory reflection, and the plasma acts as an optical absorber and provides for the necessary contrast. The camera includes 1.0-nm narrow-band-pass filters to prevent recording the exploding foil self-light. The stereopairs are read on a stereo-comparagraph normally used for aerial photographs that has been calibrated for reading these stereophotographs. Since these exploding foils have typical function times of 500 ns, the stereophotographs are synchronized in time with the event under test. Stereophotographs can be …

Version V of the ENDF/B dosimetry tape will include updates to the majority of isotopes in the file. Work done toward this end at Brookhaven National Laboratory is reported. (GHT)

In a nuclear reactor, tubes are pressurized from interior by coolant, while externally no pressure is applied on them. The pressure that causes any of the tubes to burst is random and has certain distribution. By using the presently available data from stress-strain experiment, mathematical procedure for finding the distribution form of the ultimate stress is made and is justified theoretically and empirically. The distribution function obtained is important in analyzing the problem of loss of coolant in the reactor.

For the Record section including the minutes of the annual meeting of the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Historical Society and the minutes of the quarterly board meeting that were both held on April 29, 1976. It also includes a gift list for the first quarter of 1976 and lists of new annual and new life members of the OHS.

Article discusses the holdings of the Western History Collections at the University of Oklahoma in Norman, Oklahoma. H. Glenn Jordan provides details about different groups of content within the collections by subject and format.

Papers and abstracts of papers are presented concerning high resolution spectroscopy, life sciences, evironmental studies, and industrial analyses. Sixty-seven of the papers were processed individually. (JRD)

The 299 papers in the Proceedings are presented in three volumes and are divided into twelve sections, each section dealing with a different aspect of geothermal energy. Rapporturs' summaries of the contents of each section are grouped together in Vol. 1 of the Proceedings; a separate abstract was prepared for each summary. Volume 1 also contains ninety-eight papers under the following section headings: present status of resources development; geology, hydrology, and geothermal systems; and geochemical techniques in exploration. Separate abstracts were prepared for ninety-seven papers. One paper was previously abstracted for ERA and appeared as CONF-750525--17. (LBS)

Individual papers were indexed for inclusion in the data base. (LK)

The symposium explored the various techniques and methods available to study the potential effects that various energy-producing industries may have on human health. Three papers presented at Session I dealt with national energy needs, resources, and future developments; responsibilities and capabilities in ERDA as related to the health and environmental impacts of energy productions; and health hazards associated with alternate energy sources. Four papers presented at Session II reviewed standards setting for the worker and for the public; the radiation experience; and developing health policies and standards as the responsibility of the scientist. Eight papers in Sessions III and IV, Sources of Information, dealt with developing a health standard from epidemiological and clinical data and from laboratory animal data; carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, teratogenesis, and behavior changes as end points in health impact assessments; new methods and approaches to health impact assessment; problems in sampling for health impact; and the application of scientific data to worker/workplace health decision making. Two papers at Session V covered bases for the application of scientific data to health standards and health and environmental standards from a legal viewpoint. A final discussion, Room for Controversy, was conducted by four panelists. (MCW)

The conference contained 23 papers, two of which appeared previously in ERA. Separate abstracts were prepared for 21 papers. (JFP)

The Second Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium was sponsored by the Morgantown Energy Research Center of the US Energy Research and Development Administration and held at Morgantown, WV, August 10-12, 1976. Fifty papers of the proceedings have been entered individually into EDB and ERA. While the majority of the contribution involved ERDA's own work in this area, there were several papers from universities, state organizations, (industrial, engineering or utility companies) and a few from foreign countries. (LTN)