This conference was divided into eight sessions. Session one covered the following topics: material behavior and characterization; computation heat transfer; computational fluid dynamics; and hydrodynamics. Topics covered in session two were: structural dynamics; manufacturing process modeling; solid and structural mechanics; and electromagnetics. Session three topics were: materials behavior and characterization; computational heat transfer; computational fluid dynamics; neutron generators and gas transfer systems applications. Topics for session four were: mesh generation and visualization; validation and verification; and pit manufacturing. Session five covered the following: ALE techniques and applications; solid and structural mechanical; and system applications. The three topics of session six were: optimization methods; manufacturing process modeling; and weapon response in hostile environments. Session covered: material behavior and characterization; computational heat transfer; solid and structural mechanics; and mesh generation and visualization. And finally, the topics of session 8 were: manufacturing and process modeling; solid and structural mechanics; uncertainty analysis; and structural dynamics. Paper covered a range of applications, many of which were weapons and weapon systems.

Over the past decade, hierarchy and scale have been adopted as an ecological paradigm. Beyond this new awareness, however, a number of studies have attempted to test the underlying hierarchy theory and developed new analytical applications. The purpose of the present paper is to review these recent developments. Tests of the theory have focused on the prediction that ecological systems should not be uniformly distributed across scale, but grouped or lumped into discrete levels. The predicted breaks in spatial distribution have been found in vegetation transects. Vertebrate weight distributions are also distinctly aggregated, corresponding to the spatial scale at which each species operates. An important development of hierarchy theory has considered extrapolating information upscale. Simply stated, the dynamics of the higher level cannot be represented by the same functional form as its components. One cannot insert the mean parameter value for the components and predict higher level effects. Analytical methods, derived from hierarchy theory, have been developed deal with the problem.

Conventional dip-moveout (DMO) processing is designed for isotropic media and cannot handle angle-dependent velocity. The authors show that Hale`s isotropic DMO algorithm remains valid for elliptical anisotropy but may lead to serious errors for non-elliptical transversely isotropic models, even if velocity anisotropy is moderate. Here, they present an extension of Hale`s constant-velocity DMO method to anisotropic media. The DMO operator, to be applied to normal-moveout (NMO) corrected data, is based on the analytic expression for NMO velocity for dipping reflectors given by Tsvankin (1995a). Since the anisotropic DMO depends on the elastic parameters of the medium, it should be preceded by an inversion procedure designed to obtain the NMO velocity as a function of ray parameter. Another complication introduced by anisotropy is the influence of nonhyperbolic moveout not accounted for in the DMO operator. However, for spreads typical in conventional acquisition design, deviations from hyperbolic moveout for P-waves are not significant. Impulse responses and synthetic examples for typical transversely isotropic models with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI) demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this DMO technique. Once the inversion step has been completed, the NMO-DMO sequence does not take any more computing time than that for the generic Hale`s method …

Recent declines in North American breeding populations have sparked great concern over the effects of habitat fragmentation. Neotropical migrant birds use and are influenced by two biomes during a single life span. Yet assessment of the relative importance of changes in tropical wintering areas versus temperate breeding areas is complicated by regional variation in rates and extent of habitat change. Landscape-level measurements of forest fragmentation derived from remotely-sensed data provide a means to compare the patterns of habitat modification on the wintering and breeding grounds of migrant birds. This study quantifies patterns of forest fragmentation in the Southern Appalachian Mountains and tropical Amazon and relates these patterns to the resource needs of neotropical migrant birds. Study sites were selected from remotely-sensed images to represent a range of forest fragmentation (highly fragmented landscape to continuous forest).

Acoustic compressional and shear-wave velocities have been measured on a suite of ten sandstone samples obtained from wells in the Cerro Prieto geothermal field and on two rock samples from other Mexican geothermal fields. The samples were tested in both their dry and fully brine-saturated states at uniaxial stresses to 15 MPa. Electrical resistivities and associated phase angles have been measured on the same core samples as a function of frequency in the range 10 Hz to 10/sup 5/ Hz under drained conditions at hydrostatic confining stresses to 10 MPa. The electrical properties were measured on samples tested in their fully saturated state, using brines of two different concentrations.

Article discussing a study on the similarities and differences in public and private institutions training of resident assistants in the southwest United States.

This paper describes a fast multi-channel radiation pyrometer that was developed for warmdense-matter experiments with intense heavy ion beams at Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI). The pyrometer is capable of measuring of brightness temperatures from 2000 K to 50000 K, at 6 wavelengths in visible and near-infrared parts of spectrum, with 5 nanosecond temporal resolution and several micrometers spatial resolution. The pyrometer's spectral discrimination technique is based on interference filters, which act as filters and mirrors to allow for simultaneous spectral discrimination of the same ray at multiple wavelengths.

The general classification of scaling laws will be presented and the basic concepts of modern similarity analysis--intermediate asymptotics, complete and incomplete similarity--will be introduced and discussed. The examples of scaling laws corresponding to complete similarity will be given. The Paris scaling law in fatigue will be discussed as an instructive example of incomplete similarity. It will be emphasized that in the Paris law the powers are not the material constants. Therefore, the evaluation of the life-time of structures using the data obtained from standard fatigue tests requires some precautions.

B-meson decays involving b {yields} u transitions are sensitive to the Unitarity Triangle angle {alpha} (or {phi}{sub 2}). The B-factories at SLAC and KEK have made significant progress toward the measurement of {alpha} in recent years. This paper summarizes the results of the B-factories' constraints on {alpha}.

{gamma}-LnLn{prime}S{sub 3} (Ln = La, Ce; Ln{prime} = Er, Tm, Yb) have been prepared as dark red to black single crystals by the reaction of the respective lanthanides with sulfur in a Sb{sub 2}S{sub 3} flux at 1000 C. This isotypic series of compounds adopts a layered structure that consists of the smaller lanthanides (Er, Tm, and Yb) bound by sulfide in six- and seven-coordinate environments that are connected together by the larger lanthanides (La and Ce) in eight- and nine-coordinate environments. The layers can be broken down into three distinct one-dimensional substructures containing three crystallographically unique Ln{prime} centers. The first of these is constructed from one-dimensional chains of edge-sharing [Ln{prime}S{sub 7}] monocapped trigonal prisms that are joined to equivalent chains via edge-sharing to yield ribbons. There are parallel chains of [Ln{prime}S{sub 6}] distorted octahedra that are linked to the first ribbons through corner-sharing. These latter units also share corners with a one-dimensional ribbon composed of parallel chains of [Ln{prime}S{sub 6}] polyhedra that edge-share both in the direction of chain propagation and with adjacent identical chains. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show Curie-Weiss behavior from 2 to 300 K with antiferromagnetic coupling, and no evidence for magnetic ordering. The {theta}{sub p} values …

Two short (4 and 6 days) recording periods at The Geysers geothermal field provided useful data on two large refraction explosions and numerous microearthquakes. The vapor-dominated reservoir appears to be characterized by regionally anomalous high P- and S-wave velocities and low attenuation, but the anomaly seems to decrease, possibly reversing, with depth. Microearthquakes occur in a diffuse pattern, with no indication of dominant throughgoing faults and an absence of activity in the main production zone. Mechanisms are generally consistent with NE-SW compression. Occurrence rates indicate a slightly high incidence of smaller magnitude shocks. It is possible that the microearthquake activity is related to an expanding steam zone. While the present anomalies appear to delineate the reservoir, it is not certain that they would have been detectable in an exploration mode, prior to large-scale exploitation of the field.

Phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes produce diverse molecular structures and are often present in multiple forms encoded by different genes. This work utilizes comparative genomics and phylogenetics for exploring the distribution, structure and evolution of phospholipid biosynthetic genes and pathways in 26 eukaryotic genomes. Although the basic structure of the pathways was formed early in eukaryotic evolution, the emerging picture indicates that individual enzyme families followed unique evolutionary courses. For example, choline and ethanolamine kinases and cytidylyltransferases emerged in ancestral eukaryotes, whereas, multiple forms of the corresponding phosphatidyltransferases evolved mainly in a lineage specific manner. Furthermore, several unicellular eukaryotes maintain bacterial-type enzymes and reactions for the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. Also, base-exchange phosphatidylserine synthases are widespread and ancestral enzymes. The multiplicity of phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes has been largely generated by gene expansion in a lineage specific manner. Thus, these observations suggest that phospholipid biosynthesis has been an actively evolving system. Finally, comparative genomic analysis indicates the existence of novel phosphatidyltransferases and provides a candidate for the uncharacterized eukaryotic phosphatidylglycerol phosphate phosphatase.

In this talk on magnetic monopoles, first the author briefly reviews some historical background; then, the author describes what several different types of monopoles might look like; and finally the author discusses the experimental situation. 81 references.

Various thermodynamic properties are considered for very high-valence 3-2 and 4-2 electrolytes in water at room temperature. These solutions show the behavior described by Davies in which ion pairing arises as the concentration increases follow by re-dissociation at still higher concentrations. Heat of dilution data, which extend below 10{sup -4} M, are interpreted with the same form of equation used earlier for 2-2 electrolytes. Activity and osmotic coefficient data do not extend to low enough concentration for independent, interpretation, but they are treated with the aid of conductance data in the more dilute range. Parameters are reported for A{ell}{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}, La{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}, In{sub 2}(SO{sub 4}){sub 3}, and several cyanoferrates. High-valence electrolytes show a special behavior at very low concentrations which was recognized by Bjerrum who showed in 1926 that purely electrostatic forces would yield an ion association. Davies showed that this association commonly reached a maximum at an intermediate concentration above which there was a re-dissociation. From one viewpoint, this ion association is an artifact of the linearization approximation in the Debye-Hueckel theory since a more exact statistical treatment yields agreement with experiment without assuming a separate associated species. If an association equilibrium is assumed for …

This paper provides highlights from the 1995 summer meeting of the Low Level radioactive Waste Forum. Topics included: new developments in state and compacts; federal waste management; DOE plans for Greater-Than-Class C waste management; mixed wastes; commercial mixed waste management; international export of rad wastes for disposal; scintillation cocktails; license termination; pending legislation; federal radiation protection standards.

This report summarizes estuary events discussed at the symposium on biogeochemistry. Topics include; sedimentation, salinity, inputs and outputs of the estuary, effects of global change, and the need for effective sampling and modeling of estuaries.

The conference demonstrated that hyperbolic problems and conservation laws play an important role in many areas including industrial applications and the studying of elasto-plastic materials. Among the various topics covered in the conference, the authors mention: the big bang theory, general relativity, critical phenomena, deformation and fracture of solids, shock wave interactions, numerical simulation in three dimensions, the level set method, multidimensional Riemann problem, application of the front tracking in petroleum reservoir simulations, global solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in high dimensions, recent progress in granular flow, and the study of elastic plastic materials. The authors believe that the new ideas, tools, methods, problems, theoretical results, numerical solutions and computational algorithms presented or discussed at the conference will benefit the participants in their current and future research.

Iridium alloys are used as fuel cladding in radioisotope thermoelectric generators due to their high-melting point, high- temperature strength, and oxidation and corrosion resistance. Although iridium has a face-centered cubic crystal structure, it undergoes a distinct ductile-to-brittle transition characteristic of many body-centered cubic metals. Improved ductility in the alloys is achieved through material purification and controlled alloy additions at the parts per million (ppm) level. A vacuum arc remelt operation produces a nearly defect-free casting, which is further processed to sheet products. A change in processing from drop castings of small arc-melted buttons to large arc-remelted ingots has substantially improved product yields. The effects of processing changes on alloy microstructure, sheet textures, oxidation effects, high-strain-rate ductility, and fabricability are discussed.

The BESTCapsule will maintain appropriate biological specimens for decades or centuries at cryogenic temperatures in the living state. Maintenance at temperatures below {approximately} {minus}140 C is not a problem. No ordinary chemical reactions in aqueous solutions can occur. The only source of damage will be the slow accumulation of physical damage to DNA from background ionizing radiation. But this source of damage should not become serious in less than a millennium. Rather, the main problem in cryopreservation is to devise procedures for cooling the biological specimens to {minus}196 C and returning them to normal temperatures without inflicting lethal injury. Regardless of the cell type, there are certain encompassing biophysical factors and constraints that determine whether they will survive or die during freezing and thawing. Superimposed on these may be special biological factors that apply to specific cell types. This paper will emphasize the former and give illustrative examples of the latter.

New results from the photoproduction experiment FOCUS are reported: Dalitz plot analysis, semileptonic form factor ratios and excited meson spectroscopy. The author reports on three new results from the photoproduction experiment FOCUS: the first Dalitz plot analysis of charm meson decays using the K-matrix approach[ 1], new measurements of the D{sub s}{sup +} {yields} {delta}(1020) {mu}{sup +}{nu} form factor ratios [2], and new measurements on L=1 excited meson spectroscopy [3], i.e., precise measurements of the masses and widths of the D*{sub 2}{sup +} and D*{sub 2}{sup 0} mesons, and evidence for broad states decaying to D{sup +}{pi}{sup -}, D{sup 0}{pi}{sup +} (the first such evidence in D{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}). The data for this paper were collected in the Wideband photoproduction experiment FOCUS during the Fermilab 1996-1997 fixed-target run.

Personal reminiscences of the author's work at the Bevatron in the 1950's are given. Setting up photographic emulsions and startup of the Bevatron are recalled. A brief account is given of the physics prior to the Bevatron, followed by the development of the machine and its use to study K mesons, theta and tau particles. The search for the antiproton is remembered. 16 refs., 6 figs. (LEW)

The demonstration nature of the Baca Geothermal Project and the contractual arrangements between Public Service Company of New Me (PNM) and Union Geothermal Company of New Mexico (Union) with the Department of Energy mandate on environmental monitoring effort previously not seen for an energy development of this size. One of the most often stated goals of the Baca Project is to demonstrate the acceptability and viability of geothermal energy in an environmentally responsible manner. If this statement is to be followed, then a program would have to be developed which would (1) identify all the environmental baseline parameters, (2) monitor them during construction and operation, and (3) alleviate any possible negative impacts. The situation of the Baca project in the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico offers a challenging vehicle with which to demonstrate the acceptability of geothermal energy. A few of the reasons for this are: these mountains are one of the most heavily used recreational resource areas in the state, numerous prehistoric people utilized the canyons and have left considerable archeological resources, the mountains are home for a number of individuals who prefer their serenity to the hustle and bustle of urban dwelling, and finally, the mountains are …

Article on the enthalpies of combustion of 2-iodosobenzoic acid and 4-nitrosophenol and the dissociation enthalpy of the I-O bond.

Investigation of the mechanistic aspects of cancer has its roots in the studies on tumor viruses and their effects on cell proliferation, function, and growth. This outstanding progress was well documented in previous Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. In the early to mid 1980s, progress on the development of chromosome mapping strategies and the accumulation of DNA probes that identified polymorphisms, encouraged by the international Human Genome Project, enabled the identification of other genes that contributed to familial inheritance of high susceptibility to specific cancers. This approach was very successful and led to a degree of optimism that one aspect of cancer, the multistep genetic process from early neoplasia to metastatic tumors, was beginning to be understood. It therefore seemed appropriate that the 59th Symposium on Quantitative Biology focus attention on the Molecular Genetics of Cancer. The concept was to combine the exciting progress on the identification of new genetic alterations in human tumor cells with studies on the function of the cancer gene products and how they go awry in tumor cells.