Resource Type

The Battle of Chustenahlah (open access)

The Battle of Chustenahlah

Article describes the events of the Battle of Chustenahlah, a battle waged between Confederate troops led by Colonel James McIntosh and Colonel D. H. Cooper and a Union faction of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation led by Opothleyohola near Hominy Creek in Osage County.
Date: Summer 1960
Creator: Shoemaker, Arthur
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Cherokee Planters, Black Slaves, and African Colonization (open access)

Cherokee Planters, Black Slaves, and African Colonization

Article describes the history of the American Colonization movement, repatriation of African Americans to Africa, and the history of plantation slavery in the Cherokee Nation. Theda Perdue explores the reasons behind the mass emigration and the struggles both enslaved and freed African Americans faced.
Date: Autumn 1960
Creator: Perdue, Theda
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Lieutenant Wm. E. Burnet: Notes on Removal of Indians from Texas to Indian Territory (open access)

Lieutenant Wm. E. Burnet: Notes on Removal of Indians from Texas to Indian Territory

Article provides and introduction to and includes the letters of William E. Burnett, an officer in the U.S. and later Confederate Army, during the period of American Indian removal in United States history. Raymond Estep contextualizes these letters and how they provide a glimpse into the happenings of this era.
Date: Autumn 1960
Creator: Estep, Raymond
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History