The method of cells has been extended to include damage or debonding between all adjacent subcells using a finite element formulation for the original cells assembly. Damage is implemented by placing a nonlinear three-dimensional spring between adjacent subcells. With this arrangement the damage is inherently anisotropic. The ``nonlinear substructure`` cells finite element model is incorporated as a user defined material routine in a general purpose finite element code. The primary motivation for casting the method of cells as a finite element assemblage is to provide a composite constitutive model that facilitates the incorporation of various constituent material models, as well as any level of detail desired in the microstructure geometry. At present, the constituent material models may be anisotropic elastic or isotropic viscoelastic-plastic, while damage evolution is based on the macroscopic strain. The capability of the model is demonstrated through analyses of some simple structures loaded to failure.

The processing of materials using rf and/or microwave power is a broad area that has grown significantly in the past few years. The authors have applied rf and microwave technology in the areas of ceramic sintering, plasma processing, and waste processing. The sintering of ceramics in the frequency range of 50 MHz-28 GHz has lead to unique material characteristics compared to materials that have been sintered conventionally. It has been demonstrated that sintering can be achieved in a variety of materials, including alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, and boron carbide. In the area of plasma processing, progress has been made in the development and understanding of high density plasma sources, including inductively coupled plasma (ICP) sources. The effects of processing conditions on the ion energy distribution at the substrate surface (a critical processing issue) have been determined for a variety of process gases. The relationship between modeling and experiment is being established. Microwave technology has also been applied to the treatment of radioactive and chemical waste. The application of microwaves to the removal of contaminated concrete has been demonstrated. Details of these programs and other potential application areas are discussed.

The first conference on advanced materials for alternative fuel capable directly fired heat engines was held at the Maine Maritime Academy, Castine, Maine. It was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, (Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy) and the Electric Power Research Institute, (Division of Fossil Fuel and Advanced Systems). Forty-four papers from the proceedings have been entered into EDB and ERA and one also into EAPA; three had been entered previously from other sources. The papers are concerned with US DOE research programs in this area, coal gasification, coal liquefaction, gas turbines, fluidized-bed combustion and the materials used in these processes or equipments. The materials papers involve alloys, ceramics, coatings, cladding, etc., and the fabrication and materials listing of such materials and studies involving corrosion, erosion, deposition, etc. (LTN)

A systematic investigation of K x-ray production for 20-80 MeV Cl ions in collision with thin self-supporting Cu targets has been conducted. Target and projectile characteristic x rays and radiative electron capture (REC) have been measured as a function of target thickness for incident charge states q < z{sub 1} - 2. At 80 MeV data were also obtained for q = z{sub 1}- 1. Large enhancements in both characteristic x-ray production and REC were observed for q = z{sub 1}- 1. Measured x-ray yields were parametrized vs. target thickness using the model of Betz et al. and least squares fits to the data were performed. Target K x-ray production for q<z{sub 1}-2 is described reasonably well by the CPSSR + ECR theory. For q=z{sub 1} - 1 the enhancement in the x-ray yield is predicted quite well by the method of Gray et al· The mean fluorescence yield for the highly stripped Cl ions is determined and found to increase by a factor of about six over the range 20-80 MeV, having a value (~0.1) nearly equal to the single K-vacancy value at 20 MeV. The radiative lifetime for the projectile ions is found to be ~3 x 10{sup …

A-prototype explosives detection system that was developed for experimental evaluation of a nuclear resonance absorption techniques is described. The major subsystems are a proton accelerator and beam transport, high-temperature proton target, an airline-luggage tomographic inspection station, and an image-processing/detection- alarm subsystem. The detection system performance, based on a limited experimental test, is reported.

The Ninth Underground Coal Gasification Symposium was held August 7 to 10, 1983 at the Indian Lakes Resort and Conference Center in Bloomingdale, Illinois. Over one-hundred attendees from industry, academia, National Laboratories, State Government, and the US Government participated in the exchange of ideas, results and future research plans. Representatives from six countries including France, Belgium, United Kingdom, The Netherlands, West Germany, and Brazil also participated by presenting papers. Fifty papers were presented and discussed in four formal sessions and two informal poster sessions. The presentations described current and future field testing plans, interpretation of field test data, environmental research, laboratory studies, modeling, and economics. All papers were processed for inclusion in the Energy Data Base.

It has been recognized for many year`s that the most significant limitation of ICF is the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability. It limits the distance an ablatively driven shell can be moved to several times its initial thickness. Fortunately material flow through the unstable region at velocity v{sub A} reduces the growth rate to {radical}{sub 1+kL}/{sup kg} {minus}{beta}kv{sub A} with {beta} from 2-3. In recent years experiments using both x-ray drive and smoothed laser drive to accelerate foils have confirmed our understanding of the ablative R-T instability in planar geometry. The growth of small initial modulations on the foils is measured for growth factors up to 60 for direct drive and 80 for indirect drive. For x-ray drive large stabilization is evident. After some growth, the instability enters the non-linear phase when mode coupling and saturation are also seen and compare well with modeling. Normalized growth rates for direct drive are measured to be higher, but strategies for reduction by raising the isentrope are being investigated. For direct drive, high spatial frequencies are imprinted from the laser beam and amplified by the R-T instability. Modeling shows an understanding of this ``laser imprinting.``

The elastic scattering of {sup 9}Be + {sup 28}Si has been measured at laboratory energies of 121.0 and 201.6 MeV. These data have been combined with existing lower energy {sup 9}Be + {sup 28}Si data in order to carry out a global optical model analysis. Calculations employing Woods-Saxon potentials yield good fits to the data without requiring explicitly energy-dependent parameters. In contrast, using a proximity form for the real potential requires an explicitly energy dependent Woods-Saxon imaginary potential in order to achieve comparable quality fits. Notch perturbation calculations have been utilized to locate the radial region of the potential to which the scattering is sensitive. At all energies the imaginary potential is stronger than the real potential at the radius of maximum sensitivity. This dominance of the absorptive potential greatly limits the amount of information which can be gained about the real potential. Comparison of the {sup 9}Be + {sup 28}Si system with other light heavy ion systems such as {sup 6}Li + {sup 28}Si, {sup 12}C + {sup 28}Si, and {sup 16}O + {sup 28}Si suggests that the weak binding of {sup 9}Be may be responsible for the strong absorption in this case.

The author describes a 12-channel VMEbus-based pulse-height analysis board that was designed for use in a high-rate, multidetector, gamma-ray imaging system. This module was designed to minimize dead-time losses and to allow all key parameters to be software controlled. Gamma-ray detectors are connected directly to this module, eliminating the need for additional electronics.

The folded waveguide (FWG) launcher is being investigated as an improved antenna configuration for plasma heating in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF). A development FWG launcher was successfully tested at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) with a low-density plasma load and found to have significantly greater power density capability than current strap-type antennas operating in similar plasmas. To further test the concept on a high density tokamak plasma, a collaboration has been set up between ORNL and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to develop and test an 80-MHz, 2-MW FWG on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak at MIT. The radio frequency (rf) electromagnetic modeling techniques and laboratory measurements used in the design of this antenna are described in this paper. A companion paper describes the mechanical design of the FWG.

Current grid development projects are being designed such that they require end users to be authenticated under the auspices of a ''recognized'' organization, called a Virtual Organization (VO). A VO must establish resource-usage agreements with grid resource providers. The VO is responsible for authorizing its members for grid computing privileges. The individual sites and resources typically enforce additional layers of authorization. The VOX project developed at Fermilab is an extension of VOMS, developed jointly for DataTAG by INFN and for DataGrid by CERN. The VOX project provides set of services that facilitate grid users registration with a VO, administration of VO members, as well as control access of grid users to a particular site. The current state of deployment and future steps to improve the prototype and implement some new features will be discussed.

Using a large sample of D{sup +} {yields} K{sup -}K{sup +}{pi}{sup +} decays collected by the FOCUS photoproduction experiment at Fermilab, we present the first non-parametric analysis of the K{sup -} {pi}{sup +} amplitudes in D{sup +} {yields} K{sup -}K{sup +}{pi}{sup +} decay. The technique is similar to the technique used for our non-parametric measurements of the D{sup +} {yields} {bar K}*{sup 0} e{sup +}{nu} form factors. Although these results are in rough agreement with those of E687, we observe a wider S-wave contribution for the {bar K}*{sub 0}{sup 0}(1430) contribution than the standard, PDG [1] Breit-Wigner parameterization. We have some weaker evidence for the existence of a new, D-wave component at low values of the K{sup -} {pi}{sup +} mass.

The National Ignition Campaign, tasked with designing and fielding targets for fusion ignition experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), has carried forward three complementary target designs for the past several years: a beryllium ablator design, a plastic ablator design, and a high-density carbon or synthetic diamond design. This paper describes current simulations and design optimization to develop the plastic ablator capsule design as a candidate for the first ignition attempt on NIF. The trade-offs in capsule scale and laser energy that must be made to achieve a comparable ignition probability to that with beryllium are emphasized. Large numbers of 1-D simulations, meant to assess the statistical behavior of the target design, as well as 2-D simulations to assess the target's susceptibility to Rayleigh-Taylor growth are presented.

The isolation and chromatographic purification of chromophore-containing peptides from the P{sub R} form of phytochrome treated with pepsin and thermolysin are described. From the amino acid sequence and {sup 1}H NMR spectral analysis of phytochromobiliundeca peptide (2) , the structure of the P{sub R) phytochrome chromophore and the nature of the thioether linkage joining pigment to peptide have been established. Confirmatory evidence was obtained from similar analysis of phytochromobilioctapeptide (3) . The implications of this structural assignment with respect to the mechanism of the P{sub R} to P{sub FR} phototransformation is considered.

Results from the Fermilab charm photoproduction experiment E687 are reviewed. The physics goals and the improvements being made for the next experiment (FOCUS/E831) are described. We expect to accumulate a million fully reconstructed charm decays which represent an order of magnitude improvement over E687.

Abstracts of individual items from the symposium were prepared separately for the data base. (GHT)

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About 10{sup 4} charm decays have been reconstructed from first-run data of Fermilab experiment E687 using the Fermilab Wide-Band Photon Spectrometer with the world's highest energy photon beam. Charm selection strategies and preliminary results are discussed. Lifetime values are (.50 {plus minus} .06 {plus minus} .03)ps for the D{sub s}{sup +} and (.20 {plus minus} .03 {plus minus} .03)ps for the {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}. Preliminary D{sup +} and D{sup 0} lifetimes are consistent with current world averages. Signals for charm baryon and Cabibbo-suppressed charm meson decays are shown. Preliminary branching ratios are: B(D{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}})/B(D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}) = .10 {plus minus} .02 {plus minus} .02; B(D{sup 0} {yields} {bar K}{sup 0}K{sup +}K{sup {minus}})/B(D{sup 0} {yields} {bar K}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}) = .20 {plus minus} .06(stat); B(D{sup 0} {yields} {bar K}{sup 0}{phi})/B(D{sup 0} {yields} {bar K}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}) = .16 {plus minus} .06(stat). Preliminary results are given on D*{sup {plus minus}} and D{sup {plus minus},0} photoproduction for photon energies from 100 to 350 GeV. 13 refs., 3 figs.

In direct drive ICF, nonuniformities in laser illumination seed ripples at the ablation front in a process called ``imprint``. These nonuniformities grow during the capsule implosion and, if initially large enough, can penetrate the capsule shell, impede ignition, or degrade burn. Imprint has been simulated for recent experiments performed on the Nova laser at LLNL examining a variety of beam smoothing conditions. Most used laser intensities similar to the early part of an ignition capsule pulse shape, 1 {approx_equal} 10{sup 13} W/cm{sup 2} . The simulations matched most of the measurements of imprint modulation. The effect of imprint upon National Ignition Facility (NIF) direct drive ignition capsules has also been simulated. Imprint is predicted to give modulation comparable to an intrinsic surface finish of {approximately}10 nm RMS. Modulation growth was examined using the Haan [Phys. Rev. A {bold 39}, 5812 (1989)] model, with linear growth factors as a function of spherical harmonic mode number obtained from an analytic dispersion relation. Ablation front amplitudes are predicted to become substantially nonlinear, so that saturation corrections are large. Direct numerical simulations of two-dimensional multimode growth were also performed. The capsule shell is predicted to remain intact, which gives a basis for believing that …

The U.S. magnetic fusion energy program has developed a single design long pulse neutral beam source for TFTR, MFTF-B, and DIII-D. The arc is a very compact axial magnetic line cusp. The accelerator is an actively cooled tetrode with water cooled grid tubes of shaped molybdenum forming 'slot' beamlets. DIII-D and MFTF-B configurations have an 80 kV accelerator gap, with 12 x 48 cm aperture, and a 10 meter 'module' focus. TFTR modules are unfocused, with a 120 kV gap and 12 x 43 cm mask. The first CLPS was tested in the TFTR configuration, at 120 kV, 2 seconds. Optimum current was 73 Amperes, or 1.76 ppervs (deuterium), with 80% - 85% atomic fraction. Optimum divergence of ions plus neutrals was 0.4' parallel to the slots, and 0.7' perpendicular to the slots ( l / e half angle). The combination of an axial cusp magnetic bucket and slot accelerator apertures gives the CLPS about twice the beam power per unit cross section of other long pulse sources, plus lower divergence in the direction parallel to the slots.

In order to bring the SLC Positron Source luminosity up to design specifications, the previous (stationary) positron target had to be replaced with a version which could reliably dissipate the higher power levels and cyclic pulsed thermal stresses of the high intensity 33GeV electron beam. In addition to this basic requirement, the new target system had to meet SLAC's specifications for Ultra High Vacuum, be remotely controllable, radiation hard,'' and designed in such a way that it could be removed and replaced quickly and easily with minimum personnel exposure to radiation. It was also desirable to integrate the target and collection components into a compact, easily manufacturable, and easily maintainable module. This paper briefly summarize the mechanical design and development of the new modular target system, its associated controls and software, alignment, and the quick removal system. Operational experience gained with the new system over the first running cycle is also summarized.

Ultrasonic energy has been used to disperse one liquid metallic component in a second immiscible liquid metal, thereby producing a metallic emulsion. Upon lowering the temperature of this emulsion below the mp of the lowest-melting constituent, a metal/metal-matrix composite is formed. This composite consists of sub-micron-to-micron- sized particles of the minor metallic phase that are embedded in a matrix consisting of the major metallic phase. Zinc-bismuth was used as a model system, and ultrasonic dispersion of a minor Bi liquid phase was used to synthesize metal/metal-matrix composites. These materials were characterized using SEM and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis.

This paper is the summary of conceptual design studies of a 5 MW Pulsed Spallation Neutron Source (PSNS) conducted by an interdepartmental study group at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The study was made of two periods. First, a scenario based on the use of a 600 MeV Linac followed by two fast-cycling 3.6 GeV Synchrotrons was investigated. Then, in a subsequent period, the attention of the study was directed toward an Accumulator scenario with two options: (1) a 1.25 GeV normal conducting Linac followed by two Accumulator Rings, and (2) a 2.4 GeV superconducting Linac followed by a single Accumulator Ring. The study did not make any reference to a specific site.

About 10{sup 4} charm decays have been reconstructed from first-run data of Fermilab experiment E687 using the Fermilab Wide-Band Photon Spectrometer with the world's highest energy photon beam. The success of techniques for isolating and reconstructing charm event samples based on two complementary vertexing strategies is illustrated. Preliminary results are presented. These include lifetime value of (0.50 {plus minus} 0.06 {plus minus} 0.03)ps for the D{sub s}{sup +}, and (0.20 {plus minus} 0.03 {plus minus} 0.03)ps for the {Lambda}{sub c}{sup +}. Preliminary values for the D{sup +} and D{sup 0} lifetimes are consistent with currently accepted world averages. Signals for the Cabibbo-suppressed decays D{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}, D{sup +} {yields} K{sup +}K{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup +}, and D{sup +} {yields} {phi}{pi}{sup +} are shown; for B(D{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}})/B(D{sup 0} {yields} K{sup {minus}}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}) our preliminary value is 0.10 {plus minus} 0.02 {plus minus} 0.02. Preliminary values for ratios B(D{sup 0} {yields} {ovr K}{sup 0}K{sup +}K{sup {minus}})/B(D{sup 0} {yields} {ovr K}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}) and B(D{sup 0} {yields} {ovr K}{sup 0}{phi})/B(D{sup 0} {yields} {ovr K}{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}) are 0.20 {plus minus} 0.06 and 0.16 {plus minus} 0.06. Preliminary results are given …