Measurements of the target thickness dependence of the target x-ray production yield for incident fast heavy ions are reported for thin solid Cu targets as a function of both incident projectile atomic number and energy. The incident ions were F, Al, Si, S, and CI. The charge state of the incident ions was varied in each case to study the target x-ray production for projectiles which had an initial charge state, q, of q = Z₁, q = Z₁ - 1, and q < Z₁ - 1 for F, Al, Si, and S ions and q = Z₁ - 1 and q < Z₁ - 1 for C1 ions. The target thicknesses ranged from 2 to 183 ug/cm². In each case the Cu K x-ray yield exhibits a complex exponential dependence on target thickness. A two-component model which includes contributions to the target x-ray production due to ions with 0 and 1 K vacancies and a three-component model which includes contributions due to ions with 0, 1, and 2 K vacancies are developed to describe the observed target K x-ray yields. The two-component model for the C1 data and the three-component model for the F, Al, Si, S, and C1 …

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aspirational and dissociative reference group influence on consumer behavior. There are two ways in which behavior is influenced by reference groups. First, reference groups influence aspiration levels and therefore play a major role in producing satisfaction or frustration. Second, reference groups influence kinds of behavior, i.e., they establish approved patterns of behavior.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether similarities exist in the perceptions of the roles of academic deans in community colleges. This study attempted to determine whether role expectations and perceptions reflected separate and distinct relationships, or if administrative patterns reflected an overlapping of responsibilities.

This thesis consists of a series of nine poems which deal with the theme of finding a balance between energy and form in life and in poetry. Fourteen miscellaneous poems are also included. In addition, an introduction by the author explains the purpose of the thesis as a whole and explicates the poems in terms of this purpose. The introduction discusses the meaning of each poem and the techniques used to convey its message. Each poem in the series of nine poems is also related to the. overall theme of the series.

This thesis challenges the conventional wisdom that the W.S.P.U.'s strategy choices were unimportant in regard to winning women's suffrage. It confirms the hypothesis that the long-range strategy of the W.S.P.U. was to escalate coercion until the Government exhausted its powers of opposition and conceded, but to interrupt this strategy whenever favorable bargaining opportunities with the Government and third parties developed. In addition to filling an apparent research gap by systematically analyzing these choices, this thesis synthesizes and tests several piecemeal theories of social movements within the general framework of the natural history approach. The analysis utilizes data drawn from movement leaders' autobiographies, documentary accounts of the militant movement, and the standard histories of the entire British women's suffrage movement. Additionally, extensive use is made of contemporary periodicals and miscellaneous works on related movements.

The purposes of the study were (1) to assess the validity and reliability of Values for Helpers, (2) to determine whether the test would be a usable instrument for analysis of value systems of mental health professionals, (3) to provide information on possible utilization of the test as a measurement tool for assessing the quality of relationship skills of helpers, and (4) to provide information of a heuristic nature for future research with Values for Helpers. To accomplish these purposes, the following questions were examined. 1. What are the relationships between the scales of the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values and Values for Helpers? 2. What are the relationships between the scales of the Personal Orientation Inventory and Values for Helpers? 3. What are the relationships between the total scores on Myrick and Kelly's Counselor Evaluation Rating Scale and the scales of Values for Helpers? Conclusions based on the results suggested that (1) there was acceptable reliability for Values for Helpers, (2) the tribalistic and conformist scales of Values for Helpers demonstrated negative convergent validity with the scales of the Personal Orientation Inventory, (3) the existential scale of Values for Helpers demonstrated positive convergent validity with the scales of the Personal …

The purposes were (1) to examine the relationship of four motivational characteristics, as measured by the Merritt College Motivation Inventory (MCMI), to final introductory psychology grades in the two methods of instruction, and (2) to determine the usefulness of the MCMI as a tool for guiding students into open circuit television and on-campus traditional introductory psychology courses. The following research questions were formulated: (1) Can a prediction model using four motivational scales (Intrinsic, Self-Enhancement, Per son-Orientation, and Goal-Deficiency as measured by the MCMI) be developed which will adequately predict achievement in open-circuit television and on-campus traditional introductory psychology courses? (2) Can a prediction model using three of less of the four MCMI scales be developed which will adequately predict achievement in open-circuit television and on-campus traditional introductory psychology courses? (3) Of the four MCMI scales, which one or combination will be applicable in counseling students into open circuit television and on-campus traditional introductory psychology courses? All four hypotheses were confirmed. However, the four motivational characteristics as measured by the MCMI may not adequately predict achievement for the on-campus or telecourse students, The prediction efficiency of the Full and Restricted Models for both groups left significant proportions (81.41 per cent or …

The purposes of this study were (1) to determine whether the mean gains on achievement scores in reading and mathematics for bused students in grades four and five after one year in integrated schools is greater than the mean gain in reading and mathematics achievement scores for similar non-bused students in segregated schools; (2) to determine whether school attendance for bused students is greater than attendance for similar non-bused students; and (3) to determine if attitude toward school, academic self-concept, and general self-concept among groups of subjects are different. The analysis and interpretation of data yielded the following conclusions. 1. The elements associated with increased achievement in reading for fourth-grade minority students are not likely to be positively facilitated by increasing the majority-minority ratio by busing. 2. The elements associated with increased achievement in reading for minority fifth-grade students may be enhanced by busing for racial balance. 3. The elements associated with increased achievement in mathematics for minority fourth-grade students may be enhanced by busing for racial balance. 4. The elements associated with increased achievement in mathematics for minority students are not likely to be facilitated by increasing the majority-minority ratio. 5. The busing of minority students out of their …

A unique phonon progression in the phosphorescence spectrum of pyrene-PMDA (Py-PMDA) in naphthalene-PMDA (N-PMDA) is reported. Calculations of the electron-phonon coupling strength parameter for the ground and excited states indicate strong coupling for the fractional CT contribution of Py-PMDA to the observed phosphorescent state. Model calculations indicate that the observed low frequency phonon mode corresponds to a low energy rotation of the rigid guest complex and not a symmetric donor-acceptor stretch. The unusual reduction of the phonon mode frequency in the excited ground state is explained in terms of a contracted complex that can more easily rotate in a larger cavity. A brief phonon progression is also observed for the mixed crystal A-PMDA in N-PMDA. For both mixed crystals, Py-PMDA in N-PMDA and A-PMDA in N-PMDA, the energy spacing between the zero-phonon vibrational bands in the mixed CT crystal phosphorescence spectrum are very similar to those obtained from the phosphorescence spectrum of the pure donor in a rigid matrix. There is a large blue shift between the origin band of the mixed CT crystal phosphorescence spectrum and the origin band of the pure donor phosphorescence spectrum for the A-PMDA mixed crystal, but not for the Py-PMDA mixed crystal. The structureless …

In an effort to determine the details of reaction mechanisms, kinetic parameters are obtained for the following two catalytic reactions, C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ + H/sub 2/ ..--&gt;.. C/sub 2/H/sub 6/ and C/sub 2/H/sub 6/ + H/sub 2/ ..--&gt;.. 2 CH/sub 4/. The first reaction is carried out, for the most part, under reaction conditions (e.g. 110-200 K) which prevent complications caused by a side reaction, the surface dehydrogenation of adsorbed ethylene. The second reaction is carried out at somewhat higher temperatures (80 to 200/sup 0/C). Both reactions are studied in the pressure range 0.5 to 1000 ..mu... Extensive isotope labeling experiments are also carried out, which together with the kinetic measurements support in a self-consistent way the following mechanisms of hydrogen addition. The adsorbed species C/sub 2/H/sub 5/(a) and H(a) are found to be intermediates in both the hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis reactions. In the case of the hydrogenation reaction, the rate limiting step is found to be the irreversible addition of an adsorbed hydrogen atom to an adsorbed ethylene molecule to produce C/sub 2/H/sub 5/(a) which is further hydrogenated to produce ethane. The hydrogenolysis occurs by dissociative adsorption of ethane to produce C/sub 2/H/sub 5/(a) and H(a). In this case …

The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to analyze grievance arbitration cases involving racial discrimination which occurred from 1964 to 1975; (2) to recommend guidelines suitable to the use of grievance arbitration in the settlement of racial-discrimination disputes; and (3) to predict trends regarding future utilization of grievance arbitration as a forum through which racial-discrimination victims can seek redress.

In model reaction systems to test amino acids in chlorinated waste effluents, several amino acids were chlorinated at high chlorine doses. (2000-4000 mg/1). Amino acids present in municipal waste effluents before and after chlorination were concentrated and purified using cation exchange and Chelex resins. After concentration and cleanup of the samples, the amino acids were derivatized by esterification of the acid functional groups and acylation of the amine groups. Identification and quantification of the amino acids and chlorination products was carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, using a digital computer data system. Analysis of the waste products revealed the presence of new carbon-chlorine bonded derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine when the effluents were treated with heavy doses of chlorine.

The purpose of this study was to use a cross categorical scoring method for sociometric data focusing upon those individuals who have made the selections. A cross category selection was defined as choosing an individual on a sociometric instrument who was not within one's own classification. The classifications used for this study were sex, race, and perceived achievement level. A cross category score was obtained by summing the number of cross category selections. The conclusions below are the result of this study. Cross categorical scoring provides a useful method of scoring sociometric data. This method successfully focuses on those individuals who make sociometric choices rather than those who receive them. Each category utilized provides a unique contribution. The categories used in this study were sex, race, and achievement level. These are, however, only reflective of any number of variables which could be used. The categories must be chosen to reflect the needs of the particular study in which they are included. Multiple linear regression analysis can be used in order to provide the researcher with enough scope to handle numerous nominal and ordinal independent variables simultaneously. The sociometric criterion or question does make a difference in the results on cross …

This study dealt with the perception of dissonance by male, female, freshman and senior music majors. A test was devised which would show that there is a significant difference in dissonance perception between freshman versus senior and male versus female music majors, utilizing specific excerpts from the musical repertoire. Test item analysis was also employed to determine if a significant difference occurs in each excerpt. It was found that certain excerpts show a significant difference while the means of the combined groups do not. This phenomenon was because of relative uncertainty in response between dissonant ("four") and extremely dissonant ("five") excerpts. The conclusions of the study based upon the hypotheses were the following: 1. Four years in a university environment makes a significant difference in a music major's perception of dissonant sounds in music. 2. The sex of the music major causes no significant difference in the perception of dissonance. Male responses were consistent with female responses within the same class.

Antithesis is a composition, approximately nine minutes long, for chamber orchestra (2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 trumpets, 2 horns, 1 percussionist, prepared electronic tape and strings). Although not formally divided into movements, there are four major sections, analagous to the classical symphony. The primary thrust of the work is to juxtapose opposing timbres, rhythms, and modes of sound generation (instrumental versus electronic) in ways that lead one to another without formal harmonic or melodic logic.

This study concerns the deliberate subordination in painting of thirteen art elements and principles, the primary pictorial features, and examination of the intervals between pictorial events, the pictorial interface. A written record was kept of the artist's observations and impressions during the making of ten nonobjective paintings and their later study. The artist selected five paintings as more successfully subordinating the primary pictorial features and three paintings as most successfully exhibiting the three characteristics determined for the pictorial inter face: (1) conceptual resonance, (2) ambiguity, and (3) unbiasedness. The three paintings selected as most successfully exhibiting the characteristics of the pictorial interface coincided with three of the five paintings selected as more successfully subordinating the primary pictorial features.

Changes of ownership, a seeming lack of interest in history, several deaths, and a fire prompted this study into the history of The Weatherford Democrat. Data for the thesis came from back issues of The Democrat, Ayer Directory of Newspapers and Periodicals, letters from former publishers, and personal observations and experiences of the writer, who worked on the paper 14 years. All but about a dozen years of the back issues are available. The thesis is written in chronological order, dating from the beginning in 1895 to 1967, when the Donrey Media Group gained control, ending local ownership. The Democrat is the survivor of more than 20 newspaper ventures in the city and is still the principal county paper.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of news commentary on the image of political candidates. Subjects were exposed to a political debate, which was followed by three experimental manipulations of a news commentary. One group saw a commentary biased toward one candidate and against the other. In a second group the bias was reversed. A third experimental group saw a neutral commentary and the control group viewed the debate but no commentary. The primary statistical analyses used were a multivariate analysis of variance, a multiple discriminant analysis and a factor analysis. The results indicated that the commentary did have some effects on the perception of the candidates' images. Furthermore, the commentaries affected the amount of the candidates' message which was recalled by the subjects, and cued the subjects to recall specific issues which were mentioned in the commentaries. Finally, the factor analysis indicated certain characteristics of the images of political candidates.

This study demonstrates, through the detailed examination of a specific example of written Old English, that a very large proportion of the general vocabulary of Old English survives in some form in Late Modern English. The "Finnsburg Fragment" is parsed and translated and its lexicon glossed. After a brief discussion of several special semantic categories and the traditional categories of semantic change, the study enlarges upon the historical setting which influenced the loss, retention, shift, or stability of these two hundred Old English words. Appendices group the lexicon by parts of speech as well as by semantic history.

The purpose of this project was to prepare a script for group interpretation based upon the theme of "alienation" as it occurs in selected works of contemporary American poets. The script was produced for an audience on the North Texas State University campus under the direction of the writer. The thesis includes the script, a discussion of the process of adaptation, and an evaluation of the production. The evaluation is based, in part upon the written critiques of four expert guest critics.

This investigation deals with a change of congressional attitude concerning violence in entertainment media, from noninterference to investigation to initiation of research. The data are primarily from official government records. This study first examines a period of congressional reluctance to interfere with the violent content of movies and radio in 1929-45. Next examined is the period 1945-68, when Congress actively investigated media violence,, focusing on television. Finally, the study examines congressional activity concerning television violence in 1968-74 and the Surgeon General's report on television violence. This report concludes that, by 1955, the pattern of congressional interest in media violence had turned from reluctance to activity, -and discusses the likelihood of future control of television program content.

The problem with which this investigation was concerned was that of evaluating the Mid-Management concept of cooperative education at Tarrant County Junior College's South Campus. Evaluative data regarding the various parts of the Mid-Management program were obtained from current students, graduates, and employers, through use of primary source questionnaires and interviews. This study leads to the conclusion that promotional opportunities for students and especially graduates have been enhanced by more than 15 percent and, that a significant number of students and graduates have experienced an improvement in self-image and an increase in self-confidence. It is concluded further, that employers have perceived an increase in their Mid-Management employees' understanding of the manager's job and in their performance on the job, and that employers positively endorse the job-related-project approach of cooperative education. Earnings of both current students and graduates increased substantially after participation in the program; some of these improvements can probably be attributed to the program itself while others were due to inflation, tenure on the job, and other factors.

This study seeks to provide a descriptive analysis of the role of industrial arts in career education. The criteria used as a basis for comparison of industrial arts and career education are (1) clarification of terminology, (2) historical trends in the development of both programs, (3) basic program philosophies, (4) curriculum content, (5) objectives and goals sought by each curriculum, and (6) legislation affecting industrial arts and career education. Career education is more extensive than industrial arts. Industrial arts cannot assume full responsibility for a comprehensive program of career education; however, industrial arts can be involved in activities which will help the student select a meaningful occupation related to industry.

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the purposes, plans, activities, and programs of the National Education Association that focused upon instruction. To carry out this purpose, guideline questions were developed. Answers to the questions were sought through leads obtained from a study of the volumes of Addresses and Proceedings for the years since the first NTA meeting in 1857 through the 1976 NEA Convention and editions of the NEA Handbook from the first in 1945 through the 1976 edition. Findings were presented in a six-chapter historical-descriptive narrative. Although interest in instruction is not an exclusive concern held only by professional associations, the findings of this study do suggest that instruction has been a fortunate focus for the NEA in two respects. First, the times of NEA's more obvious emphasis on instruction have been relatively free of criticism of Association activity. Secondly, emphasis on instruction has emerged as a thread to unify the National Education Association with diverse organizations and with classic human institutions--the home, the church, the school, and governmental agencies--throughout the world.