We have calculated a number of neutron- and photon-induced reactions for the actinide nuclei /sup 232/Th, /sup 238/U, and /sup 237/Np. By fitting average resonance capture (ARC) measurements and total neutron capture data, we deduced absolute dipole strength functions for /sup 233/Th and /sup 239/U. We have found that the M1/E1 ratio is the same as in the /sup 176/Lu case, but the total transition strength was larger by about 27%. 17 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.

A compact resonant loop antenna is installed on the ORNL Radio Frequency Test Facility (RFTF). Facility characteristics include a steady-state magnetic field of {approx} 0.5 T at the antenna, microwave-generated plasmas with n{sub e} {approx} 10{sup 12} cm{sup {minus}3} and T{sub e} {approx} 8 eV, and 100 kW of 25-MHz rf power. The antenna is tunable from {approximately}22--75 MHz, is designed to handle {ge}1 MW of rf power, and can be moved 5 cm with respect to the port flange. Antenna characteristics reported and discussed include the effect of magnetic field on rf voltage breakdown at the capacitor, the effects of magnetic field and plasma on rf voltage breakdown between the radiating element and the Faraday shield, the effects of graphite on Faraday shield losses, and the efficiency of coupling to the plasma. 2 refs., 4 figs.

Conversion electrons from the decay of low-lying levels of /sup 237/Np have been measured to detect the population of these levels by gamma-ray decay of the /sup 237/Np shape isomer. Analysis of the 208-keV transition L conversion-electron peak gives an upper limit of about 17 ..mu..b for the population of the 3/2/sup -/ 267-keV level in /sup 237/Np from the shape isomer decay. Model calculations are compared with the measured limit. Improvements are suggested for this experiment. 9 refs., 4 figs.

Commercially available differential pressure transducers, tensiometers and a data acquisition system were combined to study soil water tension changes with time within two trench cap designs used for the shallow land burial of waste materials. Apparent diurnal variations in soil water tension measured with this system are evaluated relative to field variations in temperature, atmospheric pressure and soil water content. Ongoing research is described which should improve the reliability of future soil water tension data collected in the field. 10 refs., 5 figs.

The papers synthesize the results of research sponsored by DOE's Office of Health and Environmental Research on the behavior of transuranic and actinide elements in the environment. Separate abstracts have been prepared for the 21 individual papers. (ACR)

A new transfer line has joined the Tandem Van de Graaff facility and the AGS at Brookhaven National Laboratory, permitting the acceleration of light ions (up to sulfur) to 14.5 GeV/nucleon. The Tandem, operating with a pulsed ion source, supplies a fully stripped ion beam at about 7 MeV/nucleon to the AGS. A new low frequency rf system accelerates the beam in the AGS to about 200 MeV/nucleon. The previously existing rf system completes the cycle. High energy ion beams are delivered using standard resonant extraction to four experimental beam lines. Details of techniques and preliminary performance and operational characteristics are discussed.

A dc negative hydrogen and/or deuterium ion source is needed to produce high-power, high-energy neutral beams for alpha diagnostics and current drive applications in fusion devices. The favorable beam particle energy for such applications extends to 1.5 MeV/amu. Continuous-wave (cw) radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerators have been proposed to accelerate negative ions efficiently to this energy range. In this paper, the desired beam properties for ion beams injected into cw RFQ accelerators are summarized. A number of candidate ion sources being developed at Culham, JAERI, LBL, and ORNL may prove useful for these applications. The properties of the Volume Ionization with Transverse Extraction (VITEX) ion sources being developed at ORNL are presented. Scaling such a dc ion source to produce ampere beams is discussed. 53 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.

A careful consideration and understanding of fundamental chemistry, thermodynamics, and kinetics is absolutely essential when modeling predominance regions and solubility behavior of elements that exhibit a wide range of valence states. Examples of this are given using the ruthenium-water system at 298.15 K, for which a critically assessed thermochemical data base is available. Ruthenium exhibits the widest range of known aqueous solution valence states. Known solid anhydrous binary oxides of ruthenium are crystalline RuO/sub 2/, RuO/sub 4/, and possibly RuO/sub 3/ (thin film), and known hydroxides/hydrated oxides (all amorphous) are Ru(OH)/sub 3/ . H/sub 2/O, RuO/sub 2/ . 2H/sub 2/O, RuO/sub 2/ . H/sub 2/O, and a poorly characterized Ru(V) hydrous oxide. Although the other oxides, hydroxides, and hydrous oxides are generally obtained as precipitates from aqueous solutions, they are thermodynamically unstable with regard to RuO/sub 2/(cr) formation. Characterized aqueous species of ruthenium include RuO/sub 4/ (which slowly oxidizes water and which dissociates as a weak acid), RuO/sub 4//sup -/ and RuO/sub 4//sup 2 -/ (which probably contain lesser amounts of RuO/sub 3/(OH)/sub 2//sup -/ and RuO/sub 3/(OH)/sub 2//sup 2 -/, respectively, and other species), Ru(OH)/sub 2//sup 2 +/, Ru/sub 4/(OH)/sub 12//sup 4 +/, Ru(OH)/sub 4/, Ru/sup 3 +/, Ru(OH)/sup …

This process is relatively well-understood, and one of the aims of subthresold production experiments is to identify other collective effects. Some possible signatures of collective effects are: Production below the 'absolute' threshold; production in excess predictions of nucleon-nucleon models; and a change in the characteristic behavior of the pion spectra as the threshold is crossed. This paper discusses these collective effects especially the last one. (LSP)

The International Atomic Energy Agency is preparing a Safety Series publication on practical approaches for evaluating the reliability of the predictions made by environmental radiological assessment models. This publication identifies factors that affect the reliability of these predictions and discusses methods for quantifying uncertainty. Emphasis is placed on understanding the quantity of interest specified by the assessment question and distinguishing between stochastic variability and lack of knowledge about either the true value or the true distribution of values for quantity of interest. Among the many approaches discussed, model testing using independent data sets (model validation) is considered the best method for evaluating the accuracy in model predictions. Analytical and numerical methods for propagating the uncertainties in model parameters are presented and the strengths and weaknesses of model intercomparison exercises are also discussed. It is recognized that subjective judgment is employed throughout the entire modelling process, and quantitative reliability statements must be subjectively obtained when models are applied to different situations from those under which they have been tested. (6 refs.)

Representatives from academia, industry and research laboratories participated in an intensive two-day review to identify major technological limitations in obtaining solid and fluid samples from wellbores. Top priorities identified for further development include: coring of hard and unconsolidated materials; flow through fluid samplers with borehole measurements T, P and pH; and nonintrusive interrogation of pressure cores.

The U.S. magnetic fusion energy program has developed a single design long pulse neutral beam source for TFTR, MFTF-B, and DIII-D. The arc is a very compact axial magnetic line cusp. The accelerator is an actively cooled tetrode with water cooled grid tubes of shaped molybdenum forming 'slot' beamlets. DIII-D and MFTF-B configurations have an 80 kV accelerator gap, with 12 x 48 cm aperture, and a 10 meter 'module' focus. TFTR modules are unfocused, with a 120 kV gap and 12 x 43 cm mask. The first CLPS was tested in the TFTR configuration, at 120 kV, 2 seconds. Optimum current was 73 Amperes, or 1.76 ppervs (deuterium), with 80% - 85% atomic fraction. Optimum divergence of ions plus neutrals was 0.4' parallel to the slots, and 0.7' perpendicular to the slots ( l / e half angle). The combination of an axial cusp magnetic bucket and slot accelerator apertures gives the CLPS about twice the beam power per unit cross section of other long pulse sources, plus lower divergence in the direction parallel to the slots.

The biogeochemical cycling of carbon between its sources and sinks determines the rate of increase in atmospheric CO/sub 2/ concentrations. The observed increase in atmospheric CO/sub 2/ content is less than the estimated release from fossil fuel consumption and deforestation. This discrepancy can be explained by interactions between the atmosphere and other global carbon reservoirs such as the oceans, and the terrestrial biosphere including soils. Undoubtedly, the oceans have been the most important sinks for CO/sub 2/ produced by man. But, the physical, chemical, and biological processes of oceans are complex and, therefore, credible estimates of CO/sub 2/ uptake can probably only come from mathematical models. Unfortunately, one- and two-dimensional ocean models do not allow for enough CO/sub 2/ uptake to accurately account for known releases. Thus, they produce higher concentrations of atmospheric CO/sub 2/ than was historically the case. More complex three-dimensional models, while currently being developed, may make better use of existing tracer data than do one- and two-dimensional models and will also incorporate climate feedback effects to provide a more realistic view of ocean dynamics and CO/sub 2/ fluxes. The instability of current models to estimate accurately oceanic uptake of CO/sub 2/ creates one of the key …

A pulsed laser is used as a light source for illuminating the surface of a dynamic event of less than or equal to1 mm/sup 2/ moving at >3 mm/..mu..s. At a predetermined time during the dynamic action, a stereo camera is used to record a pair of images of the dynamically moving surface. The stereoimage pair can be quantified for surface contour. 3 refs., 8 figs.

I have performed high signal-to-noise (SN /equals/ 300 to 500) observations of interstellar CH/sup /plus// at Lick Observatory and at CTIO of the reddened, early-type stars HD 183143, HD 24432, and HD 157038 in an effort to probe the existence of a /sup 12/C/sup 13/C abundance gradient in our Galaxy.

Using digital subtraction radiography, the author detects an 0.1% change in areal density in a phantom. Areal density is the product rho x, where rho is the material density and x is the material thickness. Therefore, it is possible to detect an 0.1% difference in either density or thickness in unknown samples. A special x-ray television camera detects the areal density change on the phantom. In a difference image, formed by subtracting the 128-television-frame averages of the phantom image from the phantom-and-step image, the step is resolved with a 1-mm spatial resolution. Surprisingly, crossed 2-..mu..m-diam tungsten wires that overlie the phantom are also detected. This procedure takes a few seconds. The performance of any digital imaging x-ray system will improve by using the averaging and digital subtraction techniques. 8 refs., 6 figs.

This paper shows that while in nonsuperconducting HF systems such as CeCu/sub 6/, CeAl/sub 3/ and stoichiometric CeCu/sub 2/Si/sub 2/, the large electronic ..gamma.. is due to a very narrow f band, in the three HF superconductors UBe/sub 13/, UPt/sub 3/ and nonstochiometric CeCu/sub 2/Si/sub 2/, it is not. The f band of these systems, as measured by their response to magnetic fields in three different ways, is much wider than suggested by the large ..gamma... According to their actual f band width, the HF superconductors belong into the Bantam Fermion class. It is argued that most of the large ..gamma.. of the HF superconductors is not of electronic origin and that it is instead caused by the precursor of a martensitic phase transition of the lattice or by a crystallographic phase mixture, i.e., that it is due to the displacive degrees of freedom. This suggests that the superconductivity of all three HF superconductors is caused by some special, low energy phonons rather than by a narrow f band. 52 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.

Issues addressed were the adequacy of the data for the various models, effectiveness of the models to represent the data, particular information provided by the models, the role of caisson experiments in providing fundamental knowledge of porous-media water flow and solute transport, and the importance of geochemistry to the transport of nonconservative tracers. These proceedings include the presentations made by each of the modelers; the summary document written by the panel; and a transcript of the discussions, both the discussions that followed individual presentations and the general discussion held on the second day. This publication completes the series on the workshop. Volume I in the series (NUREG/CR-4615, Vol. I) contains background information and the data sets provided each modeler.

A calorimeter has been designed to measure the neutral beam power reaching the Advanced Toroidal Facility (ATF) plasma. The high-heat-flux surface of this calorimeter is made of an array of graphite tiles. The calorimeter, which will be located in the adapter section between the ATF vacuum vessel and the beam line, is retractable so that it can be moved away from the plasma without opening the vacuum vessel during normal ATF operation. Two rows of thermocouples mounted perpendicular to each other allow determination of the beam profile. This paper presents the details of the design and fabrication of the calorimeter. 5 refs., 6 figs.

The new low level rf system for the light ion acceleration program features direct digital control of a phase continuous rf synthesizer clocked by finite changes in the B field. The system, its operation and testing are described. The system covers the complete rf frequency range and switches over from single cavity acceleration to multiple cavity acceleration with no beam loss. It also switches from the programmed drive to the normal bootstrap system.

The uncertainty analysis of model predictions has to discriminate between two fundamentally different types of uncertainty. The presence of stochastic variability (Type 1 uncertainty) necessitates the use of a probabilistic model instead of the much simpler deterministic one. Lack of knowledge (Type 2 uncertainty), however, applies to deterministic as well as to probabilistic model predictions and often dominates over uncertainties of Type 1. The term ''probability'' is interpreted differently in the probabilistic analysis of either type of uncertainty. After these discriminations have been explained the discussion centers on the propagation of parameter uncertainties through the model, the derivation of quantitative uncertainty statements for model predictions and the presentation and interpretation of the results of a Type 2 uncertainty analysis. Various alternative approaches are compared for a very simple deterministic model.

Article discussing research on L- and M-shell x-ray production cross sections of Nd, Gd, Ho, Yb, Au, and Pb by 25-MeV carbon and 32-MeV oxygen ions.

Article discussing research on carbon K-shell x-ray and Auger-electron production in hydrocarbons and carbon oxides by 0.6-2.0-MeV protons.

Individual papers are processed separately for the data bases. (PSB)