A detailed kinetic modeling study of toluene oxidation in a premixed laminar flame (open access)

A detailed kinetic modeling study of toluene oxidation in a premixed laminar flame

An improved chemical kinetic model for the toluene oxidation based on experimental data obtained in a premixed laminar low-pressure flame with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) techniques has been proposed. The present mechanism consists of 273 species up to chrysene and 1740 reactions. The rate constants of reactions of toluene, decomposition, reaction with oxygen, ipso-additions and metatheses with abstraction of phenylic H-atom are updated; new pathways of C{sub 4} + C{sub 2} species giving benzene and fulvene are added. Based on the experimental observations, combustion intermediates such as fulvenallene, naphtol, methylnaphthalene, acenaphthylene, 2-ethynylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, 1-methylphenanthrene, pyrene and chrysene are involved in the present mechanism. The final toluene model leads to an overall satisfactory agreement between the experimentally observed and predicted mole fraction profiles for the major products and most combustion intermediates. The toluene depletion is governed by metathese giving benzyl radicals, ipso-addition forming benzene and metatheses leading to C{sub 6}H{sub 4}CH{sub 3} radicals. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the unimolecular decomposition via the cleavage of a C-H bond has a strong inhibiting effect, while decomposition via C-C bond breaking, ipso-addition of H-atom to toluene, decomposition of benzyl radicals and reactions related to C{sub 6}H{sub …
Date: December 18, 2009
Creator: Tian, Zhenyu; Pitz, William J.; Fournet, Rene; Glaude, Pierre-Alexander & Battin-Leclerc, Frederique
Object Type: Article
System: The UNT Digital Library
The Tulia Herald (Tulia, Tex.), Vol. 101, No. 25, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 18, 2009 (open access)

The Tulia Herald (Tulia, Tex.), Vol. 101, No. 25, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 18, 2009

Weekly newspaper from Tulia, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: June 18, 2009
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Hudspeth County Herald and Dell Valley Review (Dell City, Tex.), Vol. 54, No. 5, Ed. 1 Friday, December 18, 2009 (open access)

Hudspeth County Herald and Dell Valley Review (Dell City, Tex.), Vol. 54, No. 5, Ed. 1 Friday, December 18, 2009

Weekly newspaper from Dell City, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 18, 2009
Creator: Stuart, Andrew
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Bastrop Advertiser (Bastrop, Tex.), Vol. 156, No. 14, Ed. 1 Saturday, April 18, 2009 (open access)

The Bastrop Advertiser (Bastrop, Tex.), Vol. 156, No. 14, Ed. 1 Saturday, April 18, 2009

Semi-weekly newspaper from Bastrop, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
Date: April 18, 2009
Creator: Wright, Cyndi
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 160, No. 39, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 18, 2009 (open access)

Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 160, No. 39, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 18, 2009

Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: November 18, 2009
Creator: Whitehead, Marie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 111, No. 138, Ed. 1 Sunday, January 18, 2009 (open access)

The Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 111, No. 138, Ed. 1 Sunday, January 18, 2009

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 18, 2009
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Polk County Enterprise (Livingston, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 6, Ed. 1 Sunday, January 18, 2009 (open access)

Polk County Enterprise (Livingston, Tex.), Vol. 127, No. 6, Ed. 1 Sunday, January 18, 2009

Semi-weekly newspaper from Livingston, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 18, 2009
Creator: Reddell, Valerie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Optimist (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 37, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 18, 2009 (open access)

The Optimist (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 37, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 18, 2009

Bi-weekly student newspaper from Abilene Christian University in Abilene, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date: February 18, 2009
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 89, No. 135, Ed. 1 Monday, May 18, 2009 (open access)

The Baytown Sun (Baytown, Tex.), Vol. 89, No. 135, Ed. 1 Monday, May 18, 2009

Daily newspaper from Baytown, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: May 18, 2009
Creator: Clements, Clifford E.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Mannford Eagle (Mannford, Okla.), Vol. 27, No. 43, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009 (open access)

Mannford Eagle (Mannford, Okla.), Vol. 27, No. 43, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009

Weekly newspaper from Mannford, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 18, 2009
Creator: Hughes, Dustin
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 94, No. 48, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 18, 2009 (open access)

North Texas Daily (Denton, Tex.), Vol. 94, No. 48, Ed. 1 Wednesday, November 18, 2009

Daily student newspaper from the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date: November 18, 2009
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 117, No. 185, Ed. 1 Friday, September 18, 2009 (open access)

Perry Daily Journal (Perry, Okla.), Vol. 117, No. 185, Ed. 1 Friday, September 18, 2009

Daily newspaper from Perry, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: September 18, 2009
Creator: Brown, Gloria
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
The Panola Watchman (Carthage, Tex.), Vol. 137, No. 83, Ed. 1 Sunday, October 18, 2009 (open access)

The Panola Watchman (Carthage, Tex.), Vol. 137, No. 83, Ed. 1 Sunday, October 18, 2009

Semiweekly newspaper from Carthage, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: October 18, 2009
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Optimist (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 42, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009 (open access)

The Optimist (Abilene, Tex.), Vol. 97, No. 42, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009

Bi-weekly student newspaper from Abilene Christian University in Abilene, Texas that includes local, state and campus news along with advertising.
Date: March 18, 2009
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 112, No. 30, Ed. 1 Friday, December 18, 2009 (open access)

Sweetwater Reporter (Sweetwater, Tex.), Vol. 112, No. 30, Ed. 1 Friday, December 18, 2009

Daily newspaper from Sweetwater, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: December 18, 2009
Creator: Rodriguez, Tatiana
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Panola Watchman (Carthage, Tex.), Vol. [137], No. 5, Ed. 1 Sunday, January 18, 2009 (open access)

The Panola Watchman (Carthage, Tex.), Vol. [137], No. 5, Ed. 1 Sunday, January 18, 2009

Semiweekly newspaper from Carthage, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: January 18, 2009
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Yoakum Herald-Times (Yoakum, Tex.), Vol. 117, No. 11, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009 (open access)

Yoakum Herald-Times (Yoakum, Tex.), Vol. 117, No. 11, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009

Weekly newspaper from Yoakum, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 18, 2009
Creator: McCracken, Michael S.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 111, No. 180, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009 (open access)

The Altus Times (Altus, Okla.), Vol. 111, No. 180, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009

Daily newspaper from Altus, Oklahoma that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 18, 2009
Creator: Bush, Michael
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Gateway to Oklahoma History
Yoakum Herald-Times (Yoakum, Tex.), Vol. 117, No. 7, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 18, 2009 (open access)

Yoakum Herald-Times (Yoakum, Tex.), Vol. 117, No. 7, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 18, 2009

Weekly newspaper from Yoakum, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: February 18, 2009
Creator: McCracken, Michael S.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Colony Courier-Leader (The Colony, Tex.), Vol. 28, No. 7, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009 (open access)

The Colony Courier-Leader (The Colony, Tex.), Vol. 28, No. 7, Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009

Weekly newspaper from The Colony, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 18, 2009
Creator: Monk, Devin
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 159, No. 52, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 18, 2009 (open access)

Cherokeean Herald (Rusk, Tex.), Vol. 159, No. 52, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 18, 2009

Weekly newspaper from Rusk, Texas that includes local, state and national news along with extensive advertising.
Date: February 18, 2009
Creator: Whitehead, Marie
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Brady Standard-Herald and Heart of Texas News (Brady, Tex.), Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009 (open access)

Brady Standard-Herald and Heart of Texas News (Brady, Tex.), Ed. 1 Wednesday, March 18, 2009

Weekly newspaper from Brady, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: March 18, 2009
Creator: Stewart, James E.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 103, No. 66, Ed. 1 Tuesday, August 18, 2009 (open access)

The Boerne Star (Boerne, Tex.), Vol. 103, No. 66, Ed. 1 Tuesday, August 18, 2009

Semiweekly newspaper from Boerne, Texas that includes local, state, and national news along with advertising.
Date: August 18, 2009
Creator: Cartwright, Brian & Velvin, Candace E.
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History
Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 40, No. 30, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 18, 2009 (open access)

Greensheet (Houston, Tex.), Vol. 40, No. 30, Ed. 1 Wednesday, February 18, 2009

Free weekly newspaper that includes business and classified advertising.
Date: February 18, 2009
Creator: unknown
Object Type: Newspaper
System: The Portal to Texas History