Article chronicles the establishment and history of Fort Towson. The fort was established to protect the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes from invasion.

Article describes the need for and establishment of Spencer Academy in the Choctaw Nation. W. David Baird explores the leadership behind the institution, its religious connections, events during the Civil War, and the rebuilding of the academy after it burned down.

Article details the establishment and impact of the New Hope Seminary, a girls' missionary school within the Choctaw Nation.

Article chronicles the impact of The Choctaw Telegraph, a newspaper published with the Choctaw Nation.

Article details Peter Hudson's account of historical events that transpired within the Choctaw Nation as he traveled away from Ultima Thule, a now extinct town within Arkansas. He also explains what the Choctaw tribe called the geographical landmarks he encountered on his journey.

Article introduces credible witness reports and documentary evidence, including construction specifications, to support the conclusion that Choctaw Chief Thomas LeFlore's house near Wheelock Mission was the structure built according to the 1830 Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, rather than the house located near Swink, Oklahoma.

Article describes the founding and history of Goodland Indian Orphanage, one of the few mid-nineteenth century schools for Native American children that promoted inclusion of their culture and language along with assimilation initiatives. Ruby Wile includes personal recollections of the LaCroix family, four Choctaw children who lived at the Presbyterian institution.